Q10 Visuals

Question 1

Nominal variables cannot . . .

Answer 1

Add to 100 because they are categories

Question 2

Mixing sources

Answer 2

Makes a total of 100% anticlimactic

Question 3

Where do words align on a table?

Answer 3

The left

Question 4

Where do numbers align?

Answer 4

• The right
• Decimal points MUST align

Question 5

For a table with percentages, first find out . . .

Answer 5

Whether the rows or columns add to 100%

Question 6

“66% of US Jews” invokes . . .

Answer 6

(Portion/Whole) x 100 Formula

Question 7

Can you add two percentages for one category’s result in a table to find the total of answers for that category?

Answer 7

No, because the two numbers just show the maximum and minimum percentage, meaning the total is between the two

Question 8

How can you take the mean of two percentages for one category in a table?

Answer 8

Only if the two groups are the same size

Question 9

Adjusting for the population is . . .

Answer 9

Normalization

Question 10

Can you add two raw numbers from two different groups for the same category in a table?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

How to find total of a cumulative table

Answer 11

Multiply 1 x Variable
2 x Variable
and so on

Question 12

Y- and x-axes have

Answer 12

Equal units and intervals

Question 13

Y-axis MUST

Answer 13

Start at zero, with a small exception

Question 14

X-axis MUST

Answer 14

Go in chronological or number order from left to right

Question 15

Gridlines on a chart

Answer 15

Suggest numbers for each column

Question 16

If there are numbers on each column for a column chart . . .

Answer 16

Gridlines and y-axis could be removed, but the y-axis is implied

Question 17

Exemption for starting a chart at 0

Answer 17

• When starting at 0 is meaningless, for example, climate change in Fahrenheit
• The changes would be so slight if they started at 0

Question 18

Never trust a chart with . . .

Answer 18

Two y-axes

Question 19

An easily misinterpreted chart may have a y-axis that . . .

Answer 19

Starts with 0 at the top

Question 20

Pie charts should have

Answer 20

• Raw numbers or percentages
• Sizes that vary considerably
• One dominant slice
• An order from largest to smallest clockwise
• Always be 2D

Question 21

Cumulative charts are misleading if . . .

Answer 21

Used to hide variance

Question 22

Dimensions

Answer 22

• Always multiplied, length and width
• So if it doubles in height and width, it’s not twice as big, it’s four times as big

Question 23

Maps often mirror . . .

Answer 23

Population, and do not reflect a apttern

Question 24

Maps are misused by showing . . .

Answer 24

Geography instead of population

Question 25

When election results are shaded by state on a map

Answer 25

They aren’t meaningless

Question 26

When election results are shaded by county on a map

Answer 26

• Becomes misleading because with only 2 colors it looks like the country is mostly one party
• Shading for relative results helps, but does not solve population problem

Question 27

Problem with any US map is that population . . .

Answer 27

Is concentrated in cities

Question 28

Using a map to show change

Answer 28

It’s okay because change is normalized for population

Question 29

Most people think hurricane cone represents . . .

Answer 29

Size of the storm and area affected

Question 30

Hurricane cone represents

Answer 30

• Center of the storm, not just the width or size
• A hurricane is larger than it’s center, so if you’re outside the cone, you’re not immune

Question 31

Cone of probability

Answer 31

An informed guess built from computer models

Question 32

The probability the hurricane will be inside the cone is . . .

Answer 32

• 67% or 2 in 3 times
• The hurricane will move outside the cone 1 in every 3 times