Q10 Visuals Flashcards

1
Q

Nominal variables cannot . . .

A

Add to 100 because they are categories

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2
Q

Mixing sources

A

Makes a total of 100% anticlimactic

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3
Q

Where do words align on a table?

A

The left

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4
Q

Where do numbers align?

A
  • The right
  • Decimal points MUST align
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5
Q

For a table with percentages, first find out . . .

A

Whether the rows or columns add to 100%

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6
Q

“66% of US Jews” invokes . . .

A

(Portion/Whole) x 100 Formula

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7
Q

Can you add two percentages for one category’s result in a table to find the total of answers for that category?

A

No, because the two numbers just show the maximum and minimum percentage, meaning the total is between the two

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8
Q

How can you take the mean of two percentages for one category in a table?

A

Only if the two groups are the same size

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9
Q

Adjusting for the population is . . .

A

Normalization

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10
Q

Can you add two raw numbers from two different groups for the same category in a table?

A

Yes

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11
Q

How to find total of a cumulative table

A

Multiply 1 x Variable
2 x Variable
and so on

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12
Q

Y- and x-axes have

A

Equal units and intervals

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13
Q

Y-axis MUST

A

Start at zero, with a small exception

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14
Q

X-axis MUST

A

Go in chronological or number order from left to right

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15
Q

Gridlines on a chart

A

Suggest numbers for each column

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16
Q

If there are numbers on each column for a column chart . . .

A

Gridlines and y-axis could be removed, but the y-axis is implied

17
Q

Exemption for starting a chart at 0

A
  • When starting at 0 is meaningless, for example, climate change in Fahrenheit
  • The changes would be so slight if they started at 0
18
Q

Never trust a chart with . . .

A

Two y-axes

19
Q

An easily misinterpreted chart may have a y-axis that . . .

A

Starts with 0 at the top

20
Q

Pie charts should have

A
  • Raw numbers or percentages
  • Sizes that vary considerably
  • One dominant slice
  • An order from largest to smallest clockwise
  • Always be 2D
21
Q

Cumulative charts are misleading if . . .

A

Used to hide variance

22
Q

Dimensions

A
  • Always multiplied, length and width
  • So if it doubles in height and width, it’s not twice as big, it’s four times as big
23
Q

Maps often mirror . . .

A

Population, and do not reflect a apttern

24
Q

Maps are misused by showing . . .

A

Geography instead of population

25
When election results are shaded by state on a map
They aren't meaningless
26
When election results are shaded by county on a map
- Becomes misleading because with only 2 colors it looks like the country is mostly one party - Shading for relative results helps, but does not solve population problem
27
Problem with any US map is that population . . .
Is concentrated in cities
28
Using a map to show change
It's okay because change is normalized for population
29
Most people think hurricane cone represents . . .
Size of the storm and area affected
30
Hurricane cone represents
- Center of the storm, not just the width or size - A hurricane is larger than it's center, so if you're outside the cone, you're not immune
31
Cone of probability
An informed guess built from computer models
32
The probability the hurricane will be inside the cone is . . .
- 67% or 2 in 3 times - The hurricane will move outside the cone 1 in every 3 times