Pyschology the learning basis for behaviors

Question 1

John B Watson’s classical conditioning with fear:

Answer 1

-1970, 9-month old little Albert wasn’t afraid of rats
-John and Rosalie Ragner clanged a steel bar every time a rat was presented to Albert
-Al acquired a fear of rats and GENERALIZED this fear to other soft and furry things
-John prided himself in his ability to share ppl’s emotions. Later went into advertising

Question 2

Little Al experiment before conditioning

Answer 2

Rat(NS) —– no fear(NR)

Question 3

During conditioning

Answer 3

rat(NS)+hammer hitting steel bar(US) =natural reflex:fear

Question 4

After conditioning

Answer 4

rat(NS) ——- natural reflex: fear

Question 5

Result of little Al experiment

Answer 5

Generalized fear of furry things

Question 6

Operant Conditioning

Answer 6

Involves adjusting to the consequences of our behaviors, so we can easily learn to do more of what works, and less of what doesn’t work

Question 7

Ex of operant conditioning

Answer 7

-smile more at work—-repeatedly gets us bigger tips
-learn how to ride bike using strategies that don’t make us crash

Question 8

How operant conditioning works

Answer 8

An act of chosen behavior is followed by a rewarding or punishing feedback from environment

Question 9

Results of operant conditioning

Answer 9

-Reinforced behavior is more likely to be tried again(ex: orcas or Messi, pos reinforcement)
-Punished behavior is less likely to be chosen in the future(ex: lions or bank robbers, neg reinforcement)