Contemp population migration Flashcards
Important places
East and Southeast Asia, South Asia, Europe, North eastern United States, Gulf of Guinea, Southeastern Brazil
Distribution of world population
-primarily urban
-mostly located in less developed countries
-concentrated in intertropical zone(near equator)
demographic change in less developed countries
-falling death rate, fertility rate, life expectancy
-stabilization of growth
-international migration is increasing
Demographic characteristics of developed countries
-falling birth rate
=aging population
-international migration increasing
-negative natural increase: fertility rate below the rate of replacement
Factors that promote pop growth
-adoption of natalist policies(encourage ppl to have kids)
-measures facilitating immigration
-improvement in healthcare
Characteristics of migrants
-mainly young
-generally men
-of working age
-mostly from less developed countries
main migration flows
from Latin America to North America
-from North Africa to Western Europe
World migration on the rise due to:
-development of transportation and communication infrastructure
-economic globalization
-climate change
-political context
factors influencing the choice of host country
-geographical proximity
-diaspora(spread of ppl from homeland)
-colonial ties
-cultural characteristics(ex:language)
main reasons for migration
-improve economic situation
-reunite migrants’ families
-obtain refugee status
-threat to safety
-ethnic or religious persecution
Rights established by the Geneva Convention
-right of asylum(safety from persecution)
-right of education
-right to work
-right to freedom of movement
-conflicts that have led to migration: Cuban Revolution, Rwandan genocide, guerrilla warfare in Columbia
Why is there illegal immigration
-strict requirements of host countries
-tight border controls(socioeconomic context in the country or origin)
-proximity to a developed country
illegal immigration is made easier by:
-existence of international networks
-fermeable borders(gov watches what goes in n out of borders)
immigration policies:criteria for immigration selection
-training
-investment capacity
-knowledge of official language
immigration policies:recruit skilled workers
-organization of missions abroad
-acceleration of the immigrant process
immigration policies: integration of immigrants
-language courses
-help finding housing
-employment integration services
Why immigrant workers
labour shortages in some economic sectors(ex: oil prod, fruit/vegetable harvesting)
-aging population
difficulties facing immigrants searching for work
-mastery of language
-knowledge of employment criteria
advantages of immigrants having jobs
-learning language
-social integration
Employment policies: factors that limit job possibilities for skilled immigrant workers
-recognition of diplomas and competencies by professional corporations
-training that does not correspond to standards of host country
Measures to ease difficulties from employment policies
-adoption of a system for recognition of prior learning
-adoption of uniform international professional standards
-establishing intergovernmental agreements
Examples of establishing intergovernmental agreements
-equivalence of diplomas issued by countries in European Union(promotes labour force mobility)
-recognition of employment qualifications between Spain and Quebec
Measures implemented by states to promote integration of immigrants
-adoption of positive discrimination policies
-relaxing rules for recognizing employment qualifications
-grants to firms that hire immigrant workers
use of undocumented workers
-wage and work conditions do not respect the norm
-lighter social security tax load