Contemp population migration

Question 1

Important places

Answer 1

East and Southeast Asia, South Asia, Europe, North eastern United States, Gulf of Guinea, Southeastern Brazil

Question 2

Distribution of world population

Answer 2

-primarily urban
-mostly located in less developed countries
-concentrated in intertropical zone(near equator)

Question 3

demographic change in less developed countries

Answer 3

-falling death rate, fertility rate, life expectancy
-stabilization of growth
-international migration is increasing

Question 4

Demographic characteristics of developed countries

Answer 4

-falling birth rate
=aging population
-international migration increasing
-negative natural increase: fertility rate below the rate of replacement

Question 5

Factors that promote pop growth

Answer 5

-adoption of natalist policies(encourage ppl to have kids)
-measures facilitating immigration
-improvement in healthcare

Question 6

Characteristics of migrants

Answer 6

-mainly young
-generally men
-of working age
-mostly from less developed countries

Question 7

main migration flows

Answer 7

from Latin America to North America
-from North Africa to Western Europe

Question 8

World migration on the rise due to:

Answer 8

-development of transportation and communication infrastructure
-economic globalization
-climate change
-political context

Question 9

factors influencing the choice of host country

Answer 9

-geographical proximity
-diaspora(spread of ppl from homeland)
-colonial ties
-cultural characteristics(ex:language)

Question 10

main reasons for migration

Answer 10

-improve economic situation
-reunite migrants’ families
-obtain refugee status
-threat to safety
-ethnic or religious persecution

Question 11

Rights established by the Geneva Convention

Answer 11

-right of asylum(safety from persecution)
-right of education
-right to work
-right to freedom of movement
-conflicts that have led to migration: Cuban Revolution, Rwandan genocide, guerrilla warfare in Columbia

Question 12

Why is there illegal immigration

Answer 12

-strict requirements of host countries
-tight border controls(socioeconomic context in the country or origin)
-proximity to a developed country

Question 13

illegal immigration is made easier by:

Answer 13

-existence of international networks
-fermeable borders(gov watches what goes in n out of borders)

Question 14

immigration policies:criteria for immigration selection

Answer 14

-training
-investment capacity
-knowledge of official language

Question 15

immigration policies:recruit skilled workers

Answer 15

-organization of missions abroad
-acceleration of the immigrant process

Question 16

immigration policies: integration of immigrants

Answer 16

-language courses
-help finding housing
-employment integration services

Question 17

Why immigrant workers

Answer 17

labour shortages in some economic sectors(ex: oil prod, fruit/vegetable harvesting)
-aging population

Question 18

difficulties facing immigrants searching for work

Answer 18

-mastery of language
-knowledge of employment criteria

Question 19

advantages of immigrants having jobs

Answer 19

-learning language
-social integration

Question 20

Employment policies: factors that limit job possibilities for skilled immigrant workers

Answer 20

-recognition of diplomas and competencies by professional corporations
-training that does not correspond to standards of host country

Question 21

Measures to ease difficulties from employment policies

Answer 21

-adoption of a system for recognition of prior learning
-adoption of uniform international professional standards
-establishing intergovernmental agreements

Question 22

Examples of establishing intergovernmental agreements

Answer 22

-equivalence of diplomas issued by countries in European Union(promotes labour force mobility)
-recognition of employment qualifications between Spain and Quebec

Question 23

Measures implemented by states to promote integration of immigrants

Answer 23

-adoption of positive discrimination policies
-relaxing rules for recognizing employment qualifications
-grants to firms that hire immigrant workers

Question 24

use of undocumented workers

Answer 24

-wage and work conditions do not respect the norm
-lighter social security tax load

Question 25

consequences for host countries

Answer 25

-fewer jobs available in the job market -loss of government revenues

Question 26

economic sectors undocumented workers are found

Answer 26

-domestic work -fruit and vegetable farming

Question 27

working conditions of undocumented immigrants workers

Answer 27

-no job security -no social safety net -labour standards not respected by employers

Question 28

Where does more than half the world's pop live since 2008

Answer 28

In urban areas

Question 29

What is the cause of urban growth in developed countries

Answer 29

Immigration which leads to urban sprawl

Question 30

What is the main factor in less developed countries

Answer 30

internal migration

Question 31

What is the result in establishments from internal migration in less-developed countries

Answer 31

Shanty towns

Question 32

Why do immigrants choose urban areas

Answer 32

-job possibilities -concentration of health and education services -reception structures(to help immigrants integrate) -presence of a diaspora

Question 33

districts populated primarily by migrants tend to be:

Answer 33

-economically disadvantaged -have a concentration of cultural minorities -creation of ethnic neighborhoods in developed countries -creation of shanty towns in less-developed countries

Question 34

characteristics of shanty towns

Answer 34

-located on the outskirts of agglomerations -inadequate health structures -most land occupied by squatters