Contemp population migration Flashcards

1
Q

Important places

A

East and Southeast Asia, South Asia, Europe, North eastern United States, Gulf of Guinea, Southeastern Brazil

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2
Q

Distribution of world population

A

-primarily urban
-mostly located in less developed countries
-concentrated in intertropical zone(near equator)

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3
Q

demographic change in less developed countries

A

-falling death rate, fertility rate, life expectancy
-stabilization of growth
-international migration is increasing

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4
Q

Demographic characteristics of developed countries

A

-falling birth rate
=aging population
-international migration increasing
-negative natural increase: fertility rate below the rate of replacement

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5
Q

Factors that promote pop growth

A

-adoption of natalist policies(encourage ppl to have kids)
-measures facilitating immigration
-improvement in healthcare

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6
Q

Characteristics of migrants

A

-mainly young
-generally men
-of working age
-mostly from less developed countries

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7
Q

main migration flows

A

from Latin America to North America
-from North Africa to Western Europe

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8
Q

World migration on the rise due to:

A

-development of transportation and communication infrastructure
-economic globalization
-climate change
-political context

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9
Q

factors influencing the choice of host country

A

-geographical proximity
-diaspora(spread of ppl from homeland)
-colonial ties
-cultural characteristics(ex:language)

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10
Q

main reasons for migration

A

-improve economic situation
-reunite migrants’ families
-obtain refugee status
-threat to safety
-ethnic or religious persecution

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11
Q

Rights established by the Geneva Convention

A

-right of asylum(safety from persecution)
-right of education
-right to work
-right to freedom of movement
-conflicts that have led to migration: Cuban Revolution, Rwandan genocide, guerrilla warfare in Columbia

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12
Q

Why is there illegal immigration

A

-strict requirements of host countries
-tight border controls(socioeconomic context in the country or origin)
-proximity to a developed country

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13
Q

illegal immigration is made easier by:

A

-existence of international networks
-fermeable borders(gov watches what goes in n out of borders)

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14
Q

immigration policies:criteria for immigration selection

A

-training
-investment capacity
-knowledge of official language

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15
Q

immigration policies:recruit skilled workers

A

-organization of missions abroad
-acceleration of the immigrant process

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16
Q

immigration policies: integration of immigrants

A

-language courses
-help finding housing
-employment integration services

17
Q

Why immigrant workers

A

labour shortages in some economic sectors(ex: oil prod, fruit/vegetable harvesting)
-aging population

18
Q

difficulties facing immigrants searching for work

A

-mastery of language
-knowledge of employment criteria

19
Q

advantages of immigrants having jobs

A

-learning language
-social integration

20
Q

Employment policies: factors that limit job possibilities for skilled immigrant workers

A

-recognition of diplomas and competencies by professional corporations
-training that does not correspond to standards of host country

21
Q

Measures to ease difficulties from employment policies

A

-adoption of a system for recognition of prior learning
-adoption of uniform international professional standards
-establishing intergovernmental agreements

22
Q

Examples of establishing intergovernmental agreements

A

-equivalence of diplomas issued by countries in European Union(promotes labour force mobility)
-recognition of employment qualifications between Spain and Quebec

23
Q

Measures implemented by states to promote integration of immigrants

A

-adoption of positive discrimination policies
-relaxing rules for recognizing employment qualifications
-grants to firms that hire immigrant workers

24
Q

use of undocumented workers

A

-wage and work conditions do not respect the norm
-lighter social security tax load

25
consequences for host countries
-fewer jobs available in the job market -loss of government revenues
26
economic sectors undocumented workers are found
-domestic work -fruit and vegetable farming
27
working conditions of undocumented immigrants workers
-no job security -no social safety net -labour standards not respected by employers
28
Where does more than half the world's pop live since 2008
In urban areas
29
What is the cause of urban growth in developed countries
Immigration which leads to urban sprawl
30
What is the main factor in less developed countries
internal migration
31
What is the result in establishments from internal migration in less-developed countries
Shanty towns
32
Why do immigrants choose urban areas
-job possibilities -concentration of health and education services -reception structures(to help immigrants integrate) -presence of a diaspora
33
districts populated primarily by migrants tend to be:
-economically disadvantaged -have a concentration of cultural minorities -creation of ethnic neighborhoods in developed countries -creation of shanty towns in less-developed countries
34
characteristics of shanty towns
-located on the outskirts of agglomerations -inadequate health structures -most land occupied by squatters