Psychology: the learning basis for behaviors Flashcards
Part 1
Classical conditioning
Learning to link two stimuli in a way that helps us anticipate an event to which we have a reaction( ex: lightning; covering ears cuz we know thunder will follow)
Operant conditioning
Changing behavior choices in response to consequences
When stimulus is presented
Cognitive learning
acquiring new behaviors and information mentally through observation and information
How does cognitive learning occur
-by observing events and the behaviors of others
-by using language to acquire info about events experienced by others
Who was the term behaviorism used by
-John B Watson(1878-1958), a proponent of classical conditioning
-B.F. Skinner(1904-1990), a leader in research about operant conditioning
What did both BF Skinner and John B Watson believe in
That the mental life was much less important than behavior as a foundation for psychological science
-both forecasted that these techniques would be used in controlling human behavior
What is Ivan Pavlov’s discovery
while studying salivation in dogs, Ivan found that salivation from eating food was eventually triggered by what should have been neutral stimuli
What are examples of neutral stimuli in correlation to Ivan pavlov
-just seeing the food
-seeing the dish
-seeing the person who brings the food
-just hearing that person’s footsteps
Types of learning
before conditioning, unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response, during conditioning
Before conditioning
Neutral stimulus(NS) and no response(NR)
Neutral stimulus
stimulus that does not trigger a response(ex: belling ringing=no response or light turning on=no response)
Unconditioned stimulus(UC) and unconditioned response(UR)
Stimulus that triggers a response naturally before/without any conditioning
Example of Unconditioned stimulus(UC) and unconditioned response(UR)
US: yummy dog food, UR: dog salivates
During conditioning
EX: the bell/tone(NS) is repeatedly presented with the food(US)
Result of during conditioning example
Neutral stimulus(bell ringing) + unconditioned response(food) = Unconditioned response(dog salivating)
After conditioning
Dog begins to salivate upon hearing the tone. So NS becomes the CS resulting in a CR(dog salivating). Now that dog is conditioned when bell rings, dog salivates
UR and CR similarities and differences
-similarity: Are the same response, triggered by diff events
-difference: Whether conditioning was necessary for response to happen
Usual order of stimuli in situations
US, UR, NS, CS, CR
Acquisition
refers to first stage of learning and conditioning
What gets acquired
the association between a neutral stimulus( a bell) and an unconditioned stimulus(food)
How can we tell if an association has happened
the UR now gets triggered by CS and the drooling
Timing for association to be strong
The NS(ex: bell ringing) needs to repeatedly happen before the US. Should be a half-second before. Bell(NS)must come right before the food(US)
Acquisition with timing
Strength of a CR grows with conditioning
