Pysch Chapter Three Flashcards
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
0-1 years
trust that needs will be met (trust v mistrust)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
1-3 years
develop sense of independence when completing tasks (autonomy v shame/doubt)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
3-6 years
take initiative on tasks, can conduct guilt it not successful (initiative v guilt)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
4-11 years
develop self-confidence in abilities when capable or inferiority when not (industry v inferiority)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
12-18 years
experiment and develop identity (identity v role confusion)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
19-29 years
establish intimacy and relationships (intimacy v isolation)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
30-64 years
contribute to society and have a family (generatively v stagnation)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
65+ years
making sense of life and meaningful contributions (integrity v despair)
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental
0-2
- sensorimotor
- world experiences through sense and actions
- issues = have object permeance, stranger anxiety
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental
2-6
- pre-operational
- use words and images to represent things but lack logical reasoning
- pretend play; egocentrism; language development
- HAVE CONQUERED OBJECT PERMEANCE :)
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental
7-11
- concrete operational
- understand concrete events and analogies logically; perform
- conservation; mathematical transformations
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental
12-
- formal operational
- formal operations; utilize abstract reasoning
- abstract logic; moral reasoning
Kohlberg’s Theories of Moral Development
Level 1:
: Pre-conventional Morality
- very selfish
- don’t help out because you are only looking out for yourself, no matter the outcomes/situation
Kohlberg’s Theories of Moral Development
Level 2:
: Conventional Morality
- scared/don’t help out because you follow authority
- you want to follow the rules, therefore you won’t break them
- conforming to social order
Kohlberg’s Theories of Moral Development
Level 3:
:Post-Conventional Morality
- behavior driven by balance of social order and individual rights/beliefs
- you have morals and those are what you base your behavior on
- universal ethics, behavior is driven by internal moral principles
4 different types of attachment:
Secure Attachment
- most common type of attachment
- healthiest type
- child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore
- toddler prefers his parent over a stranger
- sought out parent in times of stress
4 different types of attachment:
Avoidant Attachment
- sometimes called insecure or anxious avoidant
- characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves
- toddler reacts to parent the same way they react to a stranger
- these babies literally have no care in the world
4 different types of attachment:
Ambivalent Attachment (resistant)
- characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejection of parent when they attempt to interact with the child
- children tend to show clingy behavior, but then they reject the attachment figure’s attempt to interact with them
- cries when parent leaves and cries when parent shows up again
4 different types of attachment:
Disorganized Attachment
- characterized by the child’s odd behavior when faced with the parent
- seen most often with kids that are abused :(
- abuse disrupts a child’s ability to regulate their emotions
4 Parenting Styles
Authoritative
- parent gives reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listens to the child’s point of view
- most encouraged style
- results in kids having high-self esteem and good social skills
4 Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
- parent places high value on conformity and obedience; parents are often strict, tightly monitor their children, and express little warmth
- results in kids being unhappy, anxious, and withdrawn
4 Parenting Styles
Permissive
- kids run the show, anything goes; parents make few demands and rarely use punishment
- parent plays role of friend rather than parent
- results in kids lacking self-discipline and worse grades, more likely to abuse alcohol
4 Parenting Styles
Uninvolved
- parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make few demands
- results in kids being emotionally withdrawn, fearful, anxious, perform poorly in school, and are at an increased risk for partaking in substance abuse
Fluid Intelligence
information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time
