Pysch Chapter Three

Question 1

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

0-1 years

Answer 1

trust that needs will be met (trust v mistrust)

Question 2

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

1-3 years

Answer 2

develop sense of independence when completing tasks (autonomy v shame/doubt)

Question 3

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

3-6 years

Answer 3

take initiative on tasks, can conduct guilt it not successful (initiative v guilt)

Question 4

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

4-11 years

Answer 4

develop self-confidence in abilities when capable or inferiority when not (industry v inferiority)

Question 5

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

12-18 years

Answer 5

experiment and develop identity (identity v role confusion)

Question 6

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

19-29 years

Answer 6

establish intimacy and relationships (intimacy v isolation)

Question 7

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

30-64 years

Answer 7

contribute to society and have a family (generatively v stagnation)

Question 8

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

65+ years

Answer 8

making sense of life and meaningful contributions (integrity v despair)

Question 9

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental

0-2

Answer 9

• sensorimotor
• world experiences through sense and actions
• issues = have object permeance, stranger anxiety

Question 10

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental

2-6

Answer 10

• pre-operational
• use words and images to represent things but lack logical reasoning
• pretend play; egocentrism; language development
• HAVE CONQUERED OBJECT PERMEANCE :)

Question 11

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental

7-11

Answer 11

• concrete operational
• understand concrete events and analogies logically; perform
• conservation; mathematical transformations

Question 12

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Stage
- Description
- Developmental

12-

Answer 12

• formal operational
• formal operations; utilize abstract reasoning
• abstract logic; moral reasoning

Question 13

Kohlberg’s Theories of Moral Development

Level 1:

Answer 13

: Pre-conventional Morality
- very selfish
- don’t help out because you are only looking out for yourself, no matter the outcomes/situation

Question 14

Kohlberg’s Theories of Moral Development

Level 2:

Answer 14

: Conventional Morality
- scared/don’t help out because you follow authority
- you want to follow the rules, therefore you won’t break them
- conforming to social order

Question 15

Kohlberg’s Theories of Moral Development

Level 3:

Answer 15

:Post-Conventional Morality
- behavior driven by balance of social order and individual rights/beliefs
- you have morals and those are what you base your behavior on
- universal ethics, behavior is driven by internal moral principles

Question 16

4 different types of attachment:

Secure Attachment

Answer 16

• most common type of attachment
• healthiest type
• child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore
• toddler prefers his parent over a stranger
• sought out parent in times of stress

Question 17

4 different types of attachment:

Avoidant Attachment

Answer 17

• sometimes called insecure or anxious avoidant
• characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves
• toddler reacts to parent the same way they react to a stranger
• these babies literally have no care in the world

Question 18

4 different types of attachment:

Ambivalent Attachment (resistant)

Answer 18

• characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejection of parent when they attempt to interact with the child
• children tend to show clingy behavior, but then they reject the attachment figure’s attempt to interact with them
• cries when parent leaves and cries when parent shows up again

Question 19

4 different types of attachment:

Disorganized Attachment

Answer 19

• characterized by the child’s odd behavior when faced with the parent
• seen most often with kids that are abused :(
• abuse disrupts a child’s ability to regulate their emotions

Question 20

4 Parenting Styles

Authoritative

Answer 20

• parent gives reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listens to the child’s point of view
• most encouraged style
• results in kids having high-self esteem and good social skills

Question 21

4 Parenting Styles

Authoritarian

Answer 21

• parent places high value on conformity and obedience; parents are often strict, tightly monitor their children, and express little warmth
• results in kids being unhappy, anxious, and withdrawn

Question 22

4 Parenting Styles

Permissive

Answer 22

• kids run the show, anything goes; parents make few demands and rarely use punishment
• parent plays role of friend rather than parent
• results in kids lacking self-discipline and worse grades, more likely to abuse alcohol

Question 23

4 Parenting Styles

Uninvolved

Answer 23

• parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make few demands
• results in kids being emotionally withdrawn, fearful, anxious, perform poorly in school, and are at an increased risk for partaking in substance abuse

Question 24

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 24

information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time

Question 25

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 25

intelligence that draws upon experience and knowledge; measures include vocabulary tests, solving number problems, and understanding texts