Pysch Chapter One Flashcards
Seven Schools of Psychology -Structuralism
focused on understanding the conscious experience through introspection; identifying diff. parts (anatomy)
- Wilhelm Wundt
KEY WORD: introspection
Seven Schools of Psychology - Functionalism
emphasized how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment; asking the “why” and how things work together (physiology); objective measures
- William James; Darwin
KEY WORD: evolution, natural selection, “survival of the fittest”
Seven Schools of Psychology - Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
focuses on the role of the unconscious and childhood experiences in affecting conscious behavior; cause psychological disorders; dream analysis, slips of the tongue and free association as means to access the unconscious
- Sigmund Freud
KEY WORD: unconscious _______.
Seven Schools of Psychology - Behaviorism
focuses on observing and controlling behavior through what is observable, putting emphasis on learning and conditioning; concrete behavior; studying over behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
- Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
KEY WORD: conditioning
Seven Schools of Psychology - Humanistic Psychology
focuses on the basic goodness of people and how they become happy and fulfilled. emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans, rejects the idea that psychology should focus on problems and disorders; therapy-based (“it’s okay”)
- Maslow, Rogers
KEY WORDS: happiness, fulfillment, highest potential, uniqueness
Seven Schools of Psychology - Cognitive Psychology
focuses not just one behavior, but one mental processes and internal mental states; observable behavior and new technology
- Chomsky, Piaget, Nesser, Vygotsky
Seven Schools of Psychology - Gestalt Movement
whole experience is greater than the sum; holistic view of an individual and his experiences and deep on the study of sensation and perception
- Wertheimer, Koffka, Köhler
KEY WORDS: the whole is greater than the sum
The ______ ______ focuses less so on logic and previous attitudes, but more so on observation, experimentation, and concrete data.
Empirical Science
Focusing on the relationship between brain and body.
Biopsychology
Personality Psychology
Study enduring characteristics that people display over time and across circumstances.
Social Psychology
How people are affected by others.
Clinical Psychology
Study of the factors that cause psychological disorders and the best methods to treat them.
Cognitive Psychology
How attention, perception, memory, problem solving, and language, often based on brain processes.
Industrial Psychology
Study of issues pertaining to industry and the workplace.
Developmental Psychology
How people change from infancy to old age.
