Pysch Chapter Five

Question 1

dendrites

Answer 1

receptors on dendrites that receive signals from other neurons

Question 2

cell body

Answer 2

integrates info from all of a neurons dendrites

Question 3

axon

Answer 3

carries nerve impuse away from the cell body to terminal buttons

Question 4

myelin sheath

Answer 4

fatty insulation on axon that helps action potential move down axon

Question 5

terminal buttons

Answer 5

ends of axon where neurotransmitters are housed

Question 6

synapse

Answer 6

space neurotransmitters travel across to reach dendrites of the next neuron

Question 7

action potential

Answer 7

an electrical charge that conducts down the axon

1) depolarization
2) threshold of excitation
3) peak action potential
4) repolarization
5) hyperpolarization

Question 8

depolarization

Answer 8

sodium (Na+) rushes in

Question 9

repolarization

Answer 9

potassium (K+) rushes out

Question 10

7 types of neurotransmitters

Serotonin:

Answer 10

:mood, dreams (weird)

Question 11

7 types of neurotransmitters

acetylcholine

Answer 11

muscle contraction, learning and memory

Question 12

7 types of neurotransmitters

norepinephrine

Answer 12

fight or flight, circadian rhythms

Question 13

7 types of neurotransmitters

dopamine

Answer 13

reward and pleasure

Question 14

7 types of neurotransmitters

beta-endorphins

Answer 14

inhibits pain receptors

Question 15

7 types of neurotransmitters

GABA

Answer 15

major inhibitor, aids in sleep

Question 16

7 types of neurotransmitters

glutamate

Answer 16

most common excitatory, memory

Question 17

nervous system is made up of what two parts?

Answer 17

central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 18

central nervous system has two subcategories, what are they?

Answer 18

brain and spinal cord

Question 19

peripheral nervous system has two subcategories, what are they?

Answer 19

automatic and somatic

Question 20

automatic has two part, what are they?

Answer 20

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 21

4 lobes of the brain

frontal lobe:

Answer 21

cognition and contains the prefrontal cortex (executive functions), motor cortex (plan and execute movement) and broca’s area (language production on left-side)

Question 22

4 lobes of the brain

parietal lobe:

Answer 22

top of brain after the frontal lobe concerned with somatic sensation (touch) and spacial awareness

Question 23

4 lobes of the brain

temporal lobe:

Answer 23

side brain containing the auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area (language comprehension)

Question 24

4 lobes of the brain

occipital lobe:

Answer 24

back of brain containing the visual cortex

Question 25

parts of limbic system and functions hypoythalamus

Answer 25

homeostasis, 4 F's

Question 26

parts of limbic system and functions hippocampus

Answer 26

memory and learning formation (spatial memory and explicit memory)

Question 27

parts of limbic system and functions amygdala

Answer 27

emotion/fear

Question 28

parts of limbic system and functions basal ganglia

Answer 28

movement facilitation and reward

Question 29

parts of limbic system and functions thalamus

Answer 29

sensory gateway/relay center (minus smell)

Question 30

three midbrain structures reticular formation

Answer 30

regulates sleep wake cycle and arousal

Question 31

three midbrain structures ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Answer 31

dopamine heavy region involved in reward and addiction

Question 32

three midbrain structures substantial nigra

Answer 32

dopamine heavy region involved in the production of movement (parkinson's-related region)

Question 33

three hindbrain structures medulla

Answer 33

controls automatic and involuntary processes

Question 34

three hindbrain structures pons

Answer 34

connects the brain and spinal cord while also regulating brain acidity during sleep

Question 35

three hindbrain structures cerebellum

Answer 35

coordination of movement and balance as well as procedural memory

Question 36

5 brain imaging techniques magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 36

produces very high quality images

Question 37

5 brain imaging techniques functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 37

measures change in blood oxygen levels

Question 38

5 brain imaging techniques computed tomography (CT)

Answer 38

scans can reveal gross changes in the brain structure

Question 39

5 brain imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 39

assesses metabolic activity

Question 40

5 brain imaging techniques electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 40

measures electrical activity in the brain