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Path Infectious Diseases Test #1 > Pyogenic Bacteria - Staph and Strep > Flashcards

Pyogenic Bacteria - Staph and Strep Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical syndromes associated with Staph and Strep

A 
Skin infections/eruptions
Wound infections
URI (sinusitis/pharyngitis)
Pneumonia (debilitated patients)
Food poisoning/TSS
Septicemia/disseminated infections
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2
Q

What kind of inflammatory response does staph and strep illicit?

A

suppurative response - accounts for a majority of suppurative infections and abscess formation

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3
Q

The role of what type of immune response is very important with staph and strep?

A

role of phagocytosis/opsonization very important

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4
Q

Diseases that interfere with what immune function are characterized by increased infections with pyogenic bacteria?

A

neutrophil function

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5
Q

General forms of disease from staph

A
  1. abscess formation (particularly skin); cellulitis
  2. bacteremia (sepsis): endocarditis, kidneys, bones, joints
  3. toxin-mediated disease: food poisoning, TSS
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6
Q

Staph virulence factor important in abscess formation

A

coagulase positive versus coagulase negative

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7
Q

Staph virulence factors

A 
coagulase
toxins (enterotoxins, cytolytic, TSST-1, superantigen)
penicillinase
fibronectin and vitronectin
protein A
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8
Q

Pseudomonas causes what in CF patients

A

bronchiectasis

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9
Q

Primary mode of protection against staph organisms in humans?

A

non-immune mediated phagocytosis

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10
Q

major cause of infection in burns and surgical wounds

A

staph

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11
Q

2nd most common cause of nosocomial infections

A

staph

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12
Q

TSST-1 acts as a superantigen to stimulate

A

large amounts of IL-1, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor

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13
Q

TSS results in

A

systemic inflammation similar to gram-negative sepsis

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14
Q

TSS patients present with

A

fever, diffuse macular rash, low blood pressure (shock); exfoliation after 10-14 days

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15
Q

Bronchopneumonia is most commonly found in which types of patients?

A

mostly hospitalized, debilitated patients

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16
Q

Protein A

A

binds to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins

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17
Q

fibronectin and vitronetin

A

bind to host cells

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18
Q

penicillinase

A

plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance

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19
Q

how are strep infections grouped

A

by Lancefield antigens

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20
Q

how are strep infections typed

A

according to their ability to hemolyse blood agar

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21
Q

Strep infections of breaks in skin, wound infections

A

cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas

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22
Q

Strep infections of the URT

A

strep throat, sinusitis, otitis media

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23
Q

Post-streptococcal hypersensitivity disease

A

rheumatic fever
immune complex glomerulonephritis
erythema nodosum (vasculitis)

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24
Q

Lancefield antigens (subtypes)

A

Group A
Group B
Group D
alpha-hemolytic/viridans

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25
Q

Group A strep

A

beta hemolytic

pharyngitis/post streptococcal disease

26
Q

Group B strep

A

perinatal sepsis/newborns

UTIs

27
Q

Group D strep

A

anaerobic S. faecalis (enterococcus)

endocartitis, UTI

28
Q

alpha-hemolytic/viridans

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

access to blood stream from mouth colonization by dental work

29
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

major cause of dental caries

30
Q

Streptococcus virulence factors

A

cell wall polysaccharides/capsules (M proteins)
streptokinase, streptolysin O,S
erythrogenic toxin

31
Q

M proteins

A

prevent phagocytosis

32
Q

streptokinase, streptolysin O,S

A

help to lyse ECM along tissue plains

33
Q

what causes rheumatic fever?

A

host antibodies to group A strep antigens that cross-react with host tissues

34
Q

what causes acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

deposition of immune complexes in the kidney following group A infections

35
Q

group A infections

A

Strep throat, impetigo, skin infections with GAHS

36
Q

acute pharyngitis/upper respiratory infections with Strep

A

redness, edema, pain fever chills
characterized by extreme inflammation and a suppurative exudate on tonsils
punctate abscesses in tonsillar crypts
peritonsillar, retropharyngeal abscess formation

37
Q

scarlet fever

A

febrile exanthematous disorder
erythrogenic toxin produced by bacteria; violaceous red rash on trunk, strawberry tongue
desquamation of skin

38
Q

post-streptococcal sequelae

A

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

rheumatic fever

39
Q

acute rheumatic fever

A

antibodies to M proteins cross-react with tissues

fever, joint disease, myocardial and valvular disease

40
Q

chronic rheumatic heart disease

A

long-standing damage to mitral and aortic valves

41
Q

Strep skin infections

A 
cellulitis, pyoderma
impetigo
erysipelas
necrotizing fasciitis
subacute bacterial endocarditis
puerperal sepsis
42
Q

Strep cellulitis/pyoderma

A

extensive spreading redness, swelling, pain

less localized than staph infections

43
Q

impetigo

A

contagious, skin infection in kids
may also be due to staph
can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

44
Q

erysipelas (groups A/C)

A

middle-aged persons, warm climate, erythematous cutaneous involvement without suppuration

45
Q

GABHS necrotizing fasciitis

A

uncommon deep-seated soft tissue infection
gangrene
pre-existing immunodeficiency
subcutaneous strep infection with necrosis that is overtaken by anaerobes (gas formation)
mortality 50-70%

46
Q

subacute bacterial endcarditis

A

associated with S. viridans; transient bacteremia following dental work
left sided valvular endocarditis
prophylactic Abx for dental worm

47
Q

puerperal sepsis (perinatal)

A

Group B; overwhelming sepsis in newborns

48
Q

Pathologic features of strep infections

A

skin - suppurative inflammation with cellulitis (small abscess formation)
strep throat

49
Q

Pathologic features of strep skin infections

A

diffuse interstitial neutrophilic infiltrates with minimal destruction of host tissues
characteristic redness and pain
erythrogenic/pyrogenic toxins cause fever, rash
less likely to cause discreet abscesses (like staph)

50
Q

Pathologic features of strep throat

A

erythematous, painful (erythrogenic toxins)

collections of pus (crypts, peritonsillar abscess)

51
Q

Diagnosis of strep throat

A

rapid strep test - Group A streptococcal carbohydrate antigen
confirmatory culture - catalase negative; antibiotic specificity

52
Q

Diagnosis of rheumatic fever

A

anti-streptolysin O Ab titers

53
Q

Impetigo can be caused by

A

Staph or Strep

54
Q

Erysipelas caused by

A

Strep

55
Q

Paronychia caused by

A

Staph

56
Q

Scalded skin syndrome/Ritter disease caused by

A

Staph

57
Q

TSS caused by

A

S. aureus and Strep pyogenes

58
Q

Cellulitis caused by

A

Staph and Strep

59
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis caused by

A

Strep pyogenes and anaerobes

60
Q

Food poisoning caused by

A

Staph aureus

Path Infectious Diseases Test #1 (10 decks)

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