Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path Infectious Diseases Test #1 > Parasitic Diseases > Flashcards

Parasitic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoan GI infestations

A 
Entamoeba histolytica (amoeba)
Giardia lamblia (flagellate)
Cryptosporidiosis (sporozoan)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

infectious form of Entamoeba histolytica

A

cysts which have cell wall to resist gastric acid

trophozoites are amebic form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Entamoeba histolytica do in the body?

A

lyse colonic epithelial cells

trophozoites invade crypts of the colonic glands; burrow through tunica propria; halted by muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Entamoeba histolytica characteristially produce?

A

flask-shaped ulcers with narrow neck and broad base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in 40% of Entamoeba histolytica cases?

A

parasites penetrate portal vessels, embolize to liver and form amebic abscesses; usually solitary; pain may be elicited on palpation of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pathology of Entamoeba histolytica

A

involves cecum and ascending bowel; in severe cases, entire bowel may be involved
parasites resemble macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the mucosal cells overlying Entamoeba histolytica organisms?

A

mucosal cells slough due to deprivation of blood supply; neutrophilic infiltrates result in liquefactive necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chronic damage with Entamoeba histolytica leads to

A

napkin-like constrictive lesions similar to colonic carcinoma due to extensive fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Obligate fermenters of glucose to ethanol

A

Amebae, giardia, trichomonads, and anaerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metronidazole targets

A

ferredoxin-dependent pyruvate-oxidoreductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Giardia lamblia associated with

A

IgA deficiency and immunosuppression (common intestinal parasite in AIDs patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infectious form of giardia

A

dormant cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does giardia cause

A

diarrhea, not dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do giardia trophozoites multiply?

A

in small intestine (duodenum) via concave attachment disc

attach to mucosa but do not invade the intestinal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristic morphology of giardia

A

two nuclei which resemble eyes, pear shape

really cute, looks like an old man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abnormalities of the mucosa with a giardia infection

A

clubbing of villi with mixed inflammatory infiltrate of the lamina propria
follicular hypertrophy of mucosal lymphoid tissue in IgA deficient individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cryptosporidium causes

A

transient, watery diarrhea in children
severe disease in immunosuppressed
far more severe disease in immunosuppressed individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infectious oocytes not killed by

A

chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What form of cryptosporidium is infectious

A

environmentally resistant oocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

crypto is the only GI parasite with

A

sexual reproduction in host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do Cryptosporidium do inside the body?

A

adhere to jejunum/ileum/colonic epithelium (apical brush border)
mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in lamino propria
infect macrophages and underlyig Peyer’s patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What occurs with Cryptosporidium disruption of the mucosa

A

malabsorption and secretory diarrhea

diarrhea and vomiting (3-14 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica

A

stool of aspirates (abscess)

Trophozoites or cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis of Giardia lamblia

A

cysts of trophozoites in stool

Biopsy; “string test’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium

A

biopsy; fecal smears; “string test”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treatment of Entamoeba histolytica

A

metranidazole, iodoquinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment of Giardia

A

metranidazole, furazolidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treatment of Cryptosporidium

A

rarely effective; spiramycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Four types of malaria

A

P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe pathogenesis of P. vivax and P. ovale

A

infect RBCs, leads to removal by spleen; mild anemia, rarely splenic rupture and nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do P. falciparum sporozoites in the body?

A

invade liver cells
rapidly form thousands of merozoites
hepatocytes rupture, release merozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What do merozoites bind on RBCs

A

sialic residues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What do merozoites do within RBCs

A

mature into ringed trophozoite forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Immature ring forms (RBCs/malaria) do what

A

get trapped in spleen because they’re flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

P. falciparum results in

A

severe anemia, renal failure, pulmonary edema, cerebral symptoms and death

36
Q

What causes 80% of deaths in children with P. falciparum?

A

cerebral involvement

37
Q

What leads to black water fever (hemoglobinuria) and kidney damage with P. falciparum?

A

hemolysis of infected erythrocytes

38
Q

pathology of p falciparum

A

large spleen, liver, and kidneys
pigmented liver and kidneys
CNS vessels plugged with parasitizied cells
focal hypoxic lesions in heart

39
Q

What is Babesiosis

A

malaria-like protozoans transmitted by same deer ticks which carry Lyme disease
fever and hemolytic anemia

40
Q

Trypanosomiasis causes

A

African sleeping sickness

intermittent fevers, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, progressive brain dysfunction, cachexia and death

41
Q

Typanosomiasis transmistted by

A

tsetse fly

42
Q

What stimulates typanosome parasite growth

A

interferon-gamma production by CD8 cells

43
Q

What appears at the site of a tsetse fly bite that is transmitting typanosomiasis?

A

large, red rubbery chancre (ulcer plus large mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate)

44
Q

Most frequent cause of heart failure in Brazil and neighboring Latin American countries

A

Chaga’s disease (Trypanosma cruzi)

45
Q

How is Chaga’s transmitted

A

person to person via “kissing bugs” which feed on sleeping inhabitants and pass infection via feces

46
Q

chagoma

A

erythematous nodule at site of trypanosoma cruzi entry

47
Q

Acute Chaga’s disease involves

A

cardiac damage resulting from direct invasion of cardic cells;
may present with fever, cardiac dilation and failure and generalized lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly

48
Q

Pathology of chronic myocarditis

A

dilated heart with mural thrombi; interstitial and perivascular infiltrates are composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells and monocytes; cardiac cell necrosis and interstitial fibrosis

49
Q

Describe the toxoplasma gondii organism

A

obligate intracellular protozoan

50
Q

Toxo causes

A

subclinical infections but severe opportunistic disease in AIDS patients

51
Q

Toxo oocytes are shed in?

A

cat feces; however, the oocytes are not infectious for 24-48 hours
undercooked lamb or pork contains intracystic organisms

52
Q

toxo enters through

A

gut

53
Q

many toxo infections in AIDS patients appear to be

A

reactivation of dormant organisms from cysts

54
Q

toxo is particularly damaging to fetuses when?

A

during the first trimester of pregnancy

disseminated and often fatal parasitemias occur in 25%

55
Q

neonatal toxoplasmosis

A

destructive lesions in CNS are composed of microglial nodules
extensive CNS necrosis, vascular thrombosis, and intense inflammation

56
Q

Leishmaniasis vector

A

sandfly

57
Q

Visceral forms of leishmaniasis

A

spread thru RES system result sin severe systemic disease
hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, fever weight loss
fibrotic liver, late lesions

58
Q

black fever

A

hyperpigmentation of skin with leishmaniasis

59
Q

Cutaneous forms of leishmaniasis

A

relatively mild with localized disease consisting of sing ulcer with surrounding granulomatous inflammation

60
Q

mucocutaneous forms of leishmaniasis

A

moist, ulcerating or nonulcerating lesions which may be disfiguring

61
Q

Naegleria

A

parasitic meningitis

infection from water source through cribiform plate in nose; mimics meningococcal meningitis

62
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

parasitic meningitis in immunosuppressed individuals

entry through nasal mucosa, lung or skin with hematogenous dissemination

63
Q

AIDS associated, but not disseminated parasitic infections

A

Amebae, giardia

64
Q

Disseminated disease in immunosuppressed individuals

A

cryptosporidiosis, toxo

65
Q

Schistosomiasis causes death usually from

A

hepatic granulomas and fibrosis

66
Q

How does schistosomiasis infect hu8mans

A

sporocysts in fresh water snails give rise to cercaria which infect humans by penetrating through the skin

67
Q

IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 results in induction of

A

IgE synthesis, mastocytosis and eosinophilia

68
Q

what forms around schistosome egg?

A

calcified, pinhead granulomas

granulomas include macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils

69
Q

Describe liver flukes (clonorchiasis)

A

adult flukes live in biliary ducts
humans become infected by eating improperly cooked
usually asymptomatic

70
Q

Taenia saginata

A

beef tapeworm; ingestion of undercooked beef

no cysticercosus

71
Q

Taenia solium

A

pork tapeworm
ingestion of undercooked pork with encysted cysticerci
attach to intestinal wall with scolices
proglottids with eggs shed in feces

72
Q

Cysticercosus

A

T. solium eggs ar eingested, larbae hatch and penetrate gut wall
hematogenous dissemination results in cysts in CNS

73
Q

Echinococcus

A

canine tapeworm
hydatid cysts form in liver and lungs
usually asymptomatic and chronic unless cysts rupture

74
Q

Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)

A

small worms of intestine
anal pruritis
human is the only reservoir, pinworms cannot be gotten from anmals

75
Q

Whipworms (Trichuris trichiura)

A

tropics
local hyperemia and lesions of colonic mucosa
not invasive

76
Q

Hookworms (Necator americanus/Ancylostoma duodenale)

A

hookworms attach to upper levels of small intestine

larvae penetrate between toes

77
Q

Hookworm symptomology

A

small itchy papule where they penetrate skin
mild pneumonitis from traveling thru lungs
blood loss and anemia

78
Q

Strongyloides (Strongyloides stercoralis)

A

fatal disseminated disease in immunocompromsied host
severe pneumonitis and duodenitis
manifestations usually mild otherwise

79
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

extremely large worms that live unattached in lumen of small intestine

80
Q

Symptoms and signs of ascaris

A

eosinophilic pneumonitis of the lung including dyspnea, dry cough, fever and eosinophilia
epigastric pain, malnutrition
eggs in feces

81
Q

Small intestine parasites

A

hookworms, ascaris, strongyloides, giardia

82
Q

Trinchinosis (Trichinella spiralis)

A

improperly cooked pork

larvae penetrate tissues, disseminate hematogenously, and encyst in muscle cells

83
Q

signs of trinchinosis

A

marked eosinophilia, fever, myalgias, periorbital edema

patchy interstitial myocarditis with eosinophilia and giant cells resulting in scarring

84
Q

Trapped trinchinella larvae in the lungs cause

A

allergic eosinophilic infiltrate

85
Q

filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti)

A

transmitted by mosquito

elephantiasis

86
Q

onchocercias

A

filarial nematode transmitted by blackflies

major cuase of blindnes in equatorial africa

Path Infectious Diseases Test #1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions