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vet med 4 > PVMPH > Flashcards

PVMPH Flashcards

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1
Q

What is food security?

A

Food access
Food use
Food availability

A global goal : we want safe food for all

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2
Q

Food systems*

A

includes activities (food chain) and outcomes (social, environmental , welfare)

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3
Q

food chain*

A

from farm to fork

  • producing
  • processing
  • packaging
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4
Q

4 characteristic of the food chain

A
  • evolving
  • fragmented
  • multinational
  • complex
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5
Q

The general food law*

A

a framework to ensure a coherent approach to legislation

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6
Q

What are the 3 main objectives of The General Food Law

A
  • facilitate global trade
  • protect human life and health
  • allow trade of feed and food
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7
Q

What are the 2 key principles of The General food Law

A
  • transparency (build consumer trust)
  • Risk analysis principle as the basis for food safety decisions
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8
Q

Zero risk approach is impossible why?

A

we cannot test every serving!

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9
Q

If zero risk approach is not possible what is the better approach?

A

risk assessement needed to inform risk management

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10
Q

What is role of risk assessment in the food chain?

A

Identify the points in the food chain with increased risk of contamination

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11
Q

Risk assessment informs…

A

risk management

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12
Q

Risk management in the food chain is shared between

A

FBO
FSA
consumer

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13
Q

What is HACCP

A

Hazard analysis and critical control points

1) identify the hazard (chemical, biological, physical)
2) identify Critical Control point ie point in process with highest risk
3) set a critical limit

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14
Q

Critical Control point*

A

Point in process with highest risk

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15
Q

What are main strategies for FBO to ensure food safety?

A
  • The HACCP
  • Good Manufacturing Practices

The HACCP controls specific high hazards whereas Good Manufacturing practices are just standard procedures for hygiene.

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16
Q

List some hazards in milking industry

A

biological:
- fecal contamination of teats, udders, tail..
- pathogens inside the udder

Chemical:
- veterinary medicine residues

Physical: dust, bedding material

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17
Q

Can microbiological testing alone ensure food safety??

A

NOOOO

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18
Q

Tracing forward*

A

recall products

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19
Q

Tracing backwards*

A

identifying the source of a problem

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20
Q

How do we minimise risks in milking industry?

A
  • cow health
  • cow cleanliness (examine milk from each animal and reject those with abnormalities..)
  • clean milking area
  • equipment maintenance (i.e. bulk milk tanks should be cleaned an disinfected,..)
  • staff
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21
Q

process hygiene criteria*

A

acceptable functioning of a process, defined by amount of micro-organisms (threshold)

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22
Q

food safety criteria*

A

acceptability of a product to be put on market

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23
Q

The full extent of foodborne disease is

A
  • unknown
  • identifying causes of foodborne illness is still a challenge in the developed world
  • under-reporting
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24
Q

How is molecular typing helping with foodborne outbreak investigations?

A

Can help identify the primary source of contamination by linking illness to the food source

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25
Q

Foodborne illness is a major public health concern- is this true?

A

Yes

26
Q

What is the reporting pathway for foodborne outbreak investigation ?

A
27
Q

What are the objectives in controlling an outbreak?

A
  • limit the 1ry number of cases
  • limits the 2ndary number of cases
  • prevent further episodes by identifying continuing hazards
28
Q

Aim for heifers to calve at

A

24 months

29
Q

Aim for heifer service at

A

15 months

30
Q

Aim for heifer height at withers

A

132cm (in conjunction with weight)

31
Q

the earliest service date for cows should be

A

42 days

32
Q

define calving index

A

the average of all calving intervals from a herd

33
Q

Which pig disease is found in 100% of farms?

A

ileitis

34
Q

For which pig disease would you consider total depopulation?

A

swine dysentery

35
Q

Enzootic pneumonia causative agent

A

Mycoplasma Hyopneumonia

36
Q

Enzootic pneumonia is associated with what poor husbandry/ management

A

poor ventilation –> ammonium build up—> consolidation of the lung lobes—> heave lines

37
Q

Why is enzootic pneumonia of economic importance?

A
  • 30-80% of pigs have lesions at slaughter
  • disease –> delayed growth rates
38
Q

Which pig production system leads to the biggest build up of pathogens:
- all in all out
- batch
- continuous flow

A

continuous flow

never gets a deep clean - needs to be sandwich clean

39
Q

What is the impact of mycoplasma hyopneumonia on a pig farm?

A
  • variance in sizes
  • coughing
  • Increase FCR
  • 2ndary infections- could lead to increased mortality
40
Q

Is Salmonella a problem for pig health?

A

Not really, mostly a human health problem. But if there is salmonella indicates a higher disease burden (so more predisposed to other disease)

41
Q

Is Salmonella equally as present on outdoor and indoor rearing systems?

A

yes

42
Q

What husbandry/ management can impact on salmonella transmission?

A
  • flooring type
  • feed system (higher prevalence in liquid feeding)
  • water system (salmonella can last a 100 days in water!)
43
Q

What does PCV2 cause to pigs

A

Post weaning multisystemic syndrome

(small, wasting away, hairy)

44
Q

How do we prevent post weaning multisystemic syndrome?

A

we vaccinate (circovac)

45
Q

What is the clinical impact of PRRS?

A
  • abortion storms
  • mummified piglets
  • weak piglets
  • blue ears
  • respiratory problems
  • immunosupressive
46
Q

Can we vaccinate for erysipelas in pigs?

A

yes

47
Q

What clinicals signs can be seen in pigs with erysipelas?

A
  • diamond shaped lesions
  • difficulty rising (joint arthritis)–> lameness
  • infertility
  • pyrexia
  • growths on heart valves
48
Q

Strep Suis type 2 in pigs causes

A

meningitis

49
Q

What is the most common tick borne infectious disease in humans?

A

Lyme disease (Borellia Burgdorferi)

50
Q

Spillover hosts are often which group of species? These are also known as amplifiers

A

livestock
allow transmission between humans and wildlife

51
Q

what is the consequence of a spillover?

A
52
Q

In order for a spillover to occur all the elements need to coincide (swiss cheese analogy)

A

spillover is not a given!

53
Q

2/3rds of human diseases are

A

zoonotic

54
Q

Nipah virus is transmitted via

A

bats—> humans
bats—> pigs (amplifier)—->humans

55
Q

Controlling zoonotic disease requires targetting which host?

A

the maintenance host

56
Q

Do hens or broilers have a higher p% of broken bones?

A

hens > broilers

they are older

degree of bone damage will depend on the production system (barns> cages)

57
Q

what has caused this?

A

horn puncture

58
Q

How can you tell whether damage to a carcass occurred during mechanical feather plucking or ante mortem?

A

look for bruising/ hemmorhage

59
Q

What could have caused this?

A
  • convulsions in water bath
  • live shackling
60
Q

Dislocations could indicate poor …technique

A

restraint

61
Q

Is this an economic or a welfare issue?

A

both

62
Q

preslaughter welfare- what are good indicators?

A
  • DOA (death on arrival)
  • torn skin
  • bruising
  • metabolic exhaustion
  • lameness (see how animals move!)

vet med 4 (11 decks)

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