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vet med 4 > POS cancer > Flashcards

POS cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Dog presents with generalised lymphadenomegaly and extra nodular signs such as these- what cancer is it?

A

Lymphoma

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2
Q

In lymphoma which cell is most common B cell or T cell lymphoma?

A

B cell

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3
Q

If a dog has lymphoma of T cell origin will it be more likely to show systemic signs?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Why type of canine lymphoma is most common?

A

multicentric lymphoma

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5
Q

In a high grade lymphoma, are cells small or large?

A

Large

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6
Q

Do high grade lymphomas respond well to chemo?

A

Yes, initially they do.
As they have a high mitotic rate.

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7
Q

A dog presents with signs of regurgitation and Horners syndrome what type of cancer could cause this?

A

Mediastinal lymphoma

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8
Q

What paraneoplastic disease is commonly seen with lymphoma? What clinical sign does it cause?

A
  • hypercalcemia (increase parathyroid hormone)
  • PU/PD
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9
Q

What cancer could this be?

A

cutaneous lymphoma

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10
Q

Can cutaneous lymphoma cause pruritus?

A

Yes

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11
Q

If hypercalcemia of malignancy occurs with lymphoma- is it more likely to be T cell or B cell?

A

T cell

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12
Q

What is an important prognostic factor when staging lymphoma?

A

Subtype a or b (presence of systemic signs)

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13
Q

Generalised lymphadenomegaly would be which stage of lymphoma?

A

Stage 3

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14
Q

If there are ocular and peri anal signs related to lymphoma, which stage of lymphoma is this?

A

Stage 5

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15
Q

What is PARR useful for?

A

Differentiating between reactive inflammatory cells (polyclonal) and neoplasia (monoclonal)

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16
Q

What is the palliative treatment used for lymphoma?

A

prednisolone

17
Q

Side effects of vincristine

A

peripheral neuropathy
ileus

18
Q

Name some alkylating agents

A

Chlorambucil
Melphalam
Cyclophosphamide
Lomustine

19
Q

Name some anti-metabolites

A

Azathioprine
5-Fluoracil
Gemcitabine

20
Q

Name some side effects cause by chemotherapy

A
  • extravasation (Vincristine, Doxorubicine)
  • myelosuppression
    -cardiotoxicity (Doxorubicin)
  • sterile hemmorhagic cystitis (cyclophosphomide)
    -hair loss and whisker loss
  • GIT
  • can increase organ dysfunction
21
Q

Anti-metabolite function

A
  • mimic normal DNA/RNA synthesis
  • ## cause impaired enzyme function
22
Q

Platinum agents (ie carboplatin) are they cell cycle specific or unspecific?

A

unspecific

23
Q

Alkylating agents are they cycle specific or unspecific?

A

unspecific

24
Q

Prednisolone can be used in cancer for its …effect

A

apoptotic effect (lymphoma, mast cell, leukemia)

25
Q

Is melanoma resistant to chemo?

A

yes

26
Q

Is lymphoma resistant to chemo?

A

No very sensitive!

27
Q

Name some antibiotics used as cancer treatment

A

Doxorubicin
Epirubicin

28
Q

What are NSAIDs MoA that help in cancer treatment

A
  • anti-angiogenic
  • anti-inflammatory
  • analgesia
  • promote apoptosis
29
Q

Do not give Cisplatin and 5-Fluoracin to which spp?

A

Cats

30
Q

Chlorambucil is slow acting and has low side effects. It achieves myelosuppression at how many months?

A

1 month

31
Q

Cyclophophamide should not be used in which species?

A

Dogs

32
Q

what type of drug is azathioprine?

A

Anti-metabolite

33
Q

What type of drug is chlorambucil?

A

Alkylating agent

34
Q

What do alkylating agents do?

A
  • they alkylate DNA (breaking DNA)
  • kill rapidly dividing cell
  • inhibit protein synthesis

NON- CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC

35
Q

Vinca alkaloids inhibit…

A
  • tubulin polymerisation
36
Q

Why immunosuppressive drug is used in dogs with immunothrombocytopenia?

A

Vinca alkaloids

37
Q

Human IVG is sometimes used for what immune mediated diseases

A
  • ITP
  • Acute IMHA

when an immediate effect is required!

38
Q

When treating immune mediated diseases always be aware of the possibility of occult…

A

vector borne diseases (ie. Rickettsia)

39
Q

When do you assess response to treatment for immune-mediated disease?

A

7 days

vet med 4 (11 decks)

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