POS cancer Flashcards
Dog presents with generalised lymphadenomegaly and extra nodular signs such as these- what cancer is it?
Lymphoma
In lymphoma which cell is most common B cell or T cell lymphoma?
B cell
If a dog has lymphoma of T cell origin will it be more likely to show systemic signs?
Yes
Why type of canine lymphoma is most common?
multicentric lymphoma
In a high grade lymphoma, are cells small or large?
Large
Do high grade lymphomas respond well to chemo?
Yes, initially they do.
As they have a high mitotic rate.
A dog presents with signs of regurgitation and Horners syndrome what type of cancer could cause this?
Mediastinal lymphoma
What paraneoplastic disease is commonly seen with lymphoma? What clinical sign does it cause?
- hypercalcemia (increase parathyroid hormone)
- PU/PD
What cancer could this be?
cutaneous lymphoma
Can cutaneous lymphoma cause pruritus?
Yes
If hypercalcemia of malignancy occurs with lymphoma- is it more likely to be T cell or B cell?
T cell
What is an important prognostic factor when staging lymphoma?
Subtype a or b (presence of systemic signs)
Generalised lymphadenomegaly would be which stage of lymphoma?
Stage 3
If there are ocular and peri anal signs related to lymphoma, which stage of lymphoma is this?
Stage 5
What is PARR useful for?
Differentiating between reactive inflammatory cells (polyclonal) and neoplasia (monoclonal)
What is the palliative treatment used for lymphoma?
prednisolone
Side effects of vincristine
peripheral neuropathy
ileus
Name some alkylating agents
Chlorambucil
Melphalam
Cyclophosphamide
Lomustine
Name some anti-metabolites
Azathioprine
5-Fluoracil
Gemcitabine
Name some side effects cause by chemotherapy
- extravasation (Vincristine, Doxorubicine)
- myelosuppression
-cardiotoxicity (Doxorubicin) - sterile hemmorhagic cystitis (cyclophosphomide)
-hair loss and whisker loss - GIT
- can increase organ dysfunction
Anti-metabolite function
- mimic normal DNA/RNA synthesis
- ## cause impaired enzyme function
Platinum agents (ie carboplatin) are they cell cycle specific or unspecific?
unspecific
Alkylating agents are they cycle specific or unspecific?
unspecific
Prednisolone can be used in cancer for its …effect
apoptotic effect (lymphoma, mast cell, leukemia)
Is melanoma resistant to chemo?
yes
Is lymphoma resistant to chemo?
No very sensitive!
Name some antibiotics used as cancer treatment
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
What are NSAIDs MoA that help in cancer treatment
- anti-angiogenic
- anti-inflammatory
- analgesia
- promote apoptosis
Do not give Cisplatin and 5-Fluoracin to which spp?
Cats
Chlorambucil is slow acting and has low side effects. It achieves myelosuppression at how many months?
1 month
Cyclophophamide should not be used in which species?
Dogs
what type of drug is azathioprine?
Anti-metabolite
What type of drug is chlorambucil?
Alkylating agent
What do alkylating agents do?
- they alkylate DNA (breaking DNA)
- kill rapidly dividing cell
- inhibit protein synthesis
NON- CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC
Vinca alkaloids inhibit…
- tubulin polymerisation
Why immunosuppressive drug is used in dogs with immunothrombocytopenia?
Vinca alkaloids
Human IVG is sometimes used for what immune mediated diseases
- ITP
- Acute IMHA
when an immediate effect is required!
When treating immune mediated diseases always be aware of the possibility of occult…
vector borne diseases (ie. Rickettsia)
When do you assess response to treatment for immune-mediated disease?
7 days
