PVD Flashcards
what is intermittent claudication
insufficient blood supply to exercising muscle
pain due to ischaemia
non invasive ways of investigating lower limb ischaemia
ABPI
USS
CT angio
normal ABPI
0.9-1.2
claudication ABPI
0.4-0.85
severe ABPI
0-0.4
treating intermittent claudication
exercise training
slow progression - smoking cessation, lipid lowering, hypertension/diabetes treatment
if there is a significant blockage affecting limb what would you consider
angioplasty +/- stent or bypass
what is critical limb ischaemia
ischaemic pain on resting limb
can lead to gangrene or amputation
key risk factors critical limb ischaemia
smoking
diabetes
signs of critical limb ischaemia
hairless legs cold legs thick toenails shiny skin absent peripheral pulses
true/false - most AAA are symptomatic
false - most are asymptomatic
risk factors for AAA
gender age FHx smoking PVD cardiac/cerebrovascular disease hypertension hypercholesterolaemia diabetes
is a retroperitoneal AAA or intraperitoneal AAA more likely to kill you
intraperitoneal, you bleed to death faster
what can USS tell you about AAA
diameter of aneurism
what can CT + contrast tell you about AAA
diameter, shape, iliac involvement, only test to tell for rupture
2 surgeries to prevent AAA rupture
EVAR - stenting
Laparotomy - dacron graft
causes of varicose veins
deep vein blockage
valve incompetence
signs of varicose veins
dilated, tortuous veins, more prominent standing
complications of varicose veins
ulceration haemosiderin deposition lipodermatosclerosis superficial thrombophlebitis bleeding/bruising
test to look for state of varicose veins
USS
where is 4 layer bandaging for ulceration contraindicated
limb ischaemia
treatment of varicose veins
compression stockings
endovenous ablation
surgery
