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MB1: Cardio > infection > Flashcards

infection Flashcards

1
Q

what is bacteraemia

A

presence of bacteria in blood

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2
Q

skin organisms that may cause endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus
staph epidermidis
coryndebacterium sp
propionibacterium acnes

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3
Q

how much time does it take a biofilm to cause infection

A

a long time

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4
Q

risk factors for endocarditis in cardiac devices

A 
pre-prophylaxis 
complexity
type of device
reintervention 
fever <24 hours
heart/renal failure 
haematoma
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5
Q

non specific signs of endocarditis

A 
fever
chills 
night sweats
malaise 
anorexia
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6
Q

how many blood cultures should be taken for endocarditis and over how much time

A

3 sets, at least 6 hours between them

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7
Q

jones criteria for rheumatic fever?

A 
joint pain 
carditis 
nodules 
erythema marginatum
syndeham chorea
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8
Q

mortality of infective endocarditis

A

25-80%

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9
Q

who is endocarditis more common in

A

older patients

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10
Q

risk factors for endocarditis

A

heart valve abnormality
prosthetic heart valves
IV drug use
IV lines

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11
Q

what happens if a vegetation breaks off

A

lodged in capillary beds to cause haemorrhage

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12
Q

what side is usually affected by endocarditis

A

left side

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13
Q

common endocarditis organisms

A

S aureus
viridans strep
enterococcus
staph epidermidis

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14
Q

atypical organisms causing endocarditis

A 
bartonella
coxiella burnetti 
chlamydia 
legionella 
mycoplasma
brucella
fungi
HAECK
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15
Q

all 3 blood cultures are negative for typical organisms, what do you do?

A

consider serology for atypicals

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16
Q

where is staph epidermidis common?

A

prosthetic joints/valves

IV lines

17
Q

acute presentation of endocarditis and organisms that cause it

A

overwhelming sepsis and cardiac failure

aggressive organisms - S aureus

18
Q

subacute presentation of endocarditis and possible organism

A 
fever
malaise 
weight loss
tiredness
SOB
new or changing murmur 
roth spots, janeway lesions, osler nodes 
viridans
19
Q

what kind of endocarditis do PWID get and what type

A

usually S aureus, right sided on tricuspid valve

20
Q

empirical treatment subacute native valve endocarditis

A

amoxicillin and gentamycin IV

21
Q

empirical treatment prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

IV - vancomycin with gentamicin and rifampicin day 3-5

22
Q

empirical treatment PWID or acute

A

flucloxacillin IV

23
Q

viridans strep treatment

A

benzylpenicillin and gentamicin IV

24
Q

MRSA treatment

A

IV vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin day 3-5

25
Q

Enterococcus treatment

A

amoxicillin/vancomycin and gentamicin IV

26
Q

S aureus treatment

A

flucloxacillin IV

27
Q

strep epidermidis treatment

A

IV vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin day 3-5

28
Q

most common dempgraphic and cause of myocarditis

A

young people

viral

29
Q

symptoms of myocarditis

A

fever
chest pain
SOB
palpitations

30
Q

treatment of pericarditis and myocarditis

A

supportive treatment

31
Q

viral pathogens myocarditia

A

coxsackie
echovirus
HIV

32
Q

non infectious causes myocarditis

A

rheumatic fever

eosinophilic myocarditis

33
Q

what type of effusion do echovirus cause

A

serous

34
Q

what type of effusion do bacteria cause

A

purulent

35
Q

what type of effusion do fungi cause

A

purulent

36
Q

what type of effusion does TB cause

A

caseous

37
Q

causes of non-infectious endocarditis

A

carcinoid heart disease
SLE
Rheumatic fever

38
Q

what type of endocarditis does lupus cause

A

Libman-sacks endocarditis with small sterile emboli

39
Q

symptoms of carcinoid heart disease

A

skin flushing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea

MB1: Cardio (17 decks)

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