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MB1: Cardio > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which nerve descends across lateral borders of pericardium and anterior of lung root

A

phrenic nerve

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2
Q

which nerve descends behind the hilum

A

vagus nerve

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3
Q

visceral serous pericardium is in contact with?

A

the heart

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4
Q

treatment of cardiac tamponade

A

pericardiocentesis, continuous aspiration after needle insertion into infresternal angle superoposteriorly

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5
Q

what is the transverse pericardial sinus and what is it used for

A

space posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk, used to isolate the great vessels for cardiopulmonary bypass

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6
Q

borders of the heart

A

inferior
superior
left lateral
right lateral

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7
Q

where is the heart apex

A

5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line

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8
Q

what are the coronary arteries

A

arteries that supply the myocardium with blood and oxygen

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9
Q

the right coronary artery branches into

A

right marginal artery

posterior interventricular artery

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10
Q

left main stem coronary artery branches to

A

circumflex
LAD
left marginal
lateral branch

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11
Q

what prevents valve prolapse

A

papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

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12
Q

what is the moderator band

A

extension of tissue from IV septum carrying electrical signal to anterior papillary muscle of anterior cusp of valve of tricuspid

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13
Q

what is found in right atrium

A 
opening of SVC and IVC
opening of coronary sinus 
SAN
Foramen ovale 
crista terminalis
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14
Q

what is found in left atrium

A

left auricle
bilateral openings of pulmonary veins
foramen ovale dent (possibly)

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15
Q

tunica intima is

A

endothelial cells with basal lamina and thin connective tissue

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16
Q

T media is

A

smooth muscle, sheets of elastic fibres in large arteries

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17
Q

T adventitia is

A

connective tissue

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18
Q

T intima separated from T media by

A

internal elastic membrane

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19
Q

T media separated from T adventitia by

A

external elastic membrane

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20
Q

what are pericytes

A

connective tissue cells with elastic properties

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21
Q

how big are capillaries usually

A

4-8 microns

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22
Q

types of capillary

A

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous

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23
Q

when does a post capillary venule become a venule

A

when T media gets intermittent smooth muscle cells

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24
Q

what do veins have that arteries no not?

A

valves

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25
large veins have a large T adventitia as well as what?
longitudinally oriented smooth muscle
26
what is the epicardium made up of
mesothelia, basal lamina, fibroelastic connective tissue and sometimes adipose
27
what is the myocardium made up of
thick layer contractile cardiac muscle with intercalated disks. contains collagenous connective tissue with capillaries
28
what is the endocardium made up of
endothelial cells with thin collagen fibres | denser connective tissue with subendocardium
29
what is subendocardium
loose connective tissue with blood vessels and branches of impulse conducting system
30
what does the heart's fibrous skeleton do?
supports valves and provides attachment for cardiac muscle fibres electrically isolates atria and ventricles
31
what are heart valves made up of
endothelium, basal lamina, collagen, elastic fibres and lamina fibrosa
32
what are purkinje fibres
larger than usual cardiac myocytes in the subendocardial layer that distribute excitatory activity
33
functions of lymphatic system
drain excess interstitial fluid | immune surveilance
34
how does lymph travel through the body with no pump?
smooth muscle in walls of lymph vessels, compression of skeletal muscle, and valves
35
what is a ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies
36
where do presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres exit the spinal cord
T1-L2/3
37
what are postsynaptic fibres going to heart and lungs called
cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
38
what is the cardiac plexus
anastamoses of nerves at the hear, containing sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent innervation
39
where are ganglia for the parasympathetic system found
in head and neck as well as directly on organs
40
where are ganglia for the sympathetic system found
on the left and right sympathetic chain
41
___ innervation is carried by the vagus nerve as well as the ____ reflex
parasympathetic | baroreceptor
42
somatic pain is ____
sharp/stabbing
43
visceral pain is ____
dull/achy
44
____ gyrus of ____ lobe is somatomotor
precentral | frontal
45
____ gyrus of ____ lobe is somatosensory
postcentral | parietal
46
what is the sensory homunculus
illustrates areas of cerebral neocortex where sensations from different soma reach consciousnesd
47
what would e found in the middle mediastinum
heart and great vessels
48
what nerves would be found in the posterior mediastinum
``` right/left sympathetic chain right/left abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves recurrent laryngeal nerve left/right phrenic nerve left/right vagus nerve ```
49
what embryological remnant is left in the posterior mediastinum
ligamentum arteriosum
50
what is referred pain
referred pain is caused when afferent somatic and visceral afferents enter spinal cord at same level, the brain chooses to believe the visceral pain is actually from the soma
51
where would cardiac referred pain be felt
upper arm, jaw, back, neck
52
what is radiating pain
pain originating in somatic structure is along affected dermatome if visceral pain is felt in the dermatome at which level the visceral afferent enters the sympathetic chain
53
3 most common occlusions of coronary arteries
LAD RCA circumflex
54
CABG grafts may be obtained from
great saphernous vein Radial artery internal thoracic artery by pedicle
55
SAN and AVN get their blood supply from LAD. true/false
false - it is usually RCA
56
IV septum gets blood from?
posterior IV artery and LAD or anterior IV artery
57
what is the thoracic inlet bound by
rib 1 T1 jugular notch
58
contents of superior mediastinum
``` brachiocephalic veins trachea oesophagus arch of aorta thoracic duct ```
59
what composes the right brachiocephalic vein and what does it combine with the left to create?
right subclavian and right IJV | SVC
60
where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under
brachiocephalic artery
61
where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under
ligamentum arteriosum
62
phrenic nerve is more lateral/medial and vagus is more lateral/medial
phrenic - lateral | vagus - medial
63
what nerve is the recurrent laryngeal a branch of?
vagus
64
how would the thymus appear in a 20 year old man
as fat tissue, it is turned to fat in puberty
65
what is located in the posterior mediastinum
``` main bronchi oesophagus vagus nerve descending aorta thoracic duct azygous vein sympathetic chains ```
66
aorta descends through the diaphragm by the ____
aortic hiatus
67
what arteries branch of the medial of descending aorta
visceral medial arteries
68
how many bilateral intercostal arteries are there?
11
69
describe passage of lymph from body excluding right upper quadrant
travels into thoracic duct to left venous angle where it is returned to circulation
70
describe the passage of lymph in the lungs
lymph to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and then to tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes right lung drains into right lymphatic duct and left to thoracic duct
71
true/false- the left lower lobe of the lung can drain into the right thoracic duct
true - but it is very uncommon
72
where does the thoracic duct originate from and through where in the diaphragm does it travel
cisterna chyli | aortic hiatus
73
how is referred pain from liver felt in shoulder tip
phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5) supplies parietal peritoneal lining with innervation if the lining is irritated it is carried to C 3, 4, 5 of CNS, but dermatome for shoulder tip is also carried to C3 and 4 by supraclavicular nerves brain refers the pain

MB1: Cardio (17 decks)

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