Putthoff - CIS #3

Question 1

Define Traumatic Brain Injuries.

Answer 1

A traumatic force that causes brain function to be temporarily diminished or to alter a state of consciousness

Question 2

How do you differentiate between a patient that is brain dead and one that is in a Persistent Vegetative State?

Answer 2

Brain Dead –> NO Blood Flow to the Cerebral Corticies

PVS –> Still have Blood Flow to the Cerebral Corticies

Question 3

Tabes Dorsalis (slapping gait), Bilateral Charcot Joint Pain, extensive thickening and fibrosis of meninges, OBLITERATIVE endarteritis with perivascular accumulation of lymphoplasmacytic cells are all characteristic of _________ .

Answer 3

Neurosyphilis

Question 4

What are mycotic aneurysms?

Answer 4

Bacterial infections in the brain that cause rupture of a vessel and subsequent bleeding

** Circle of Willis aneurysms are NOT considered mycotic aneurysms

Question 5

Which brain tumor is typically located in the dura and can be parasagital?

Answer 5

Meningioma

Question 6

Where do Myxopapillary Epndyoma typically reside?

Answer 6

Caudal end of the spinal cord in the Cauda Equina

Question 7

Where are Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytomas typically located?

Which patient population are they commonly seen in?

Answer 7

Located in the Cerebral Hemispheres

Younger Patients

Question 8

What are the two most common tumors that are going to be found in the Posterior Fossa?

Answer 8

1. Piclocytic Astrocytoma

2. Cerebellar Angioblastoma

Question 9

Which type of Glioblastoma is going to arise on its own?

Answer 9

Primary Glioblastoma

Question 10

Which type of Glioblastoma is going to arise from a lower grade glioblastoma?

Answer 10

Secondary Glioblastoma

Question 11

Which type of IDH isoenzyme is associated with a better prognosis for glioblastomas?

Answer 11

Mutant IDH

Question 12

Which two tumors can exhibit drop-metastasis?

Answer 12

1. Medulloblastomas

2. Anaplastic Ependymomas

Question 13

True or False. Glioblastomas respond well to radioactive therapy.

Answer 13

FALSE. (do not respond)

Question 14

Which tumor typically present in the superior 4th ventricle?

Which one presents in the Inferior 4th ventricle?

Answer 14

Superior: Medulloblastoma

Inferior: Anaplastic Ependymoma

Question 15

What do Cerebellar hemangioblastomas and Pilocytic Astrocytomas have in common?

Answer 15

They are both in the Posterior Fossa and they contain cysts/murals!

Question 16

Which tumor can show MYC amplifications?

Answer 16

Medulloblastomas

Question 17

IDH1/IDH2 mutations, deletion of Chromosome 1p and 19q will predispose you to _______ .

Answer 17

Gliobastomas

Question 18

Which Inherited disease can elicit an EPO-like substance that can cause secondary polycythemia?

Answer 18

VonHippel Lindow

Question 19

What are you at risk for with VonHippel Lindow syndrome?

Answer 19

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 20

In NF-2, what are you at risk for developing?

Answer 20

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Question 21

Which disease is typically seen with Subependymal Giant Cell astrocytomas?

Answer 21

Tubular Sclerosis

Question 22

Which disease presents with Thiamine deficiency and Opthalmoplesia?

Answer 22

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Question 23

Which syndrome is characteristic of irreversible changes in the brain that are due to overuse of Alcohol?

Answer 23

Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 24

Which type of brain abnormality is related to Atherosclerotic Hypertension?

Answer 24

Lacunar Infarcts

Question 25

Which type of brain abnormality is related to just Hypertension?

Answer 25

Charcot Buchard Microaneurysms

Question 26

Which type of tumors are radio-sensitive?

Answer 26

Germinomas (Pineal Gland), Seminoas (Testicles) and Disgerminomas (Ovary)

Question 27

Which tumors are related to the various grades of gliomas?

I/IV, II/IV, III/IV and IV/IV

Answer 27

I/IV: Policytic Astrocytoma

II/IV: Oligodendroglioma

III/IV: Anaplastic Glioblastoma

IV/IV: Glioblastoma

Question 28

Which tumor is going to present with Psuedopalisating area that surrounds an area of necrosis?

Answer 28

Glioblastomas