PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Flashcards
is one form of communication wherein one delivers a message/speech in front of an audience.
Public speaking
__________ and ________ play an important role to achieve the power to influence your audience to act and do something.
Styles and strategies
Efficient and effective delivery requires the use of both _________ and the __________.
Audible and the visible codes.
According to __________________, people who deliver speeches look at themselves as the “center stage”. Once they see the crowd, their anxiety grows even stronger. They are also scared of looking foolish, particularly when they stumble in their delivery.
BDO, Seidman, & LLP (2009)
BDO, Seidman, & LLP (2009) offer three steps to overcome stage fright.
B 1. Be prepared.
K 2. Keep on practicing.
R 3. Relax before speaking.
There are four basic types of speeches that are used:
to inform, to demonstrate, to persuade, and to entertain.
Agravante and Buenaventura (1999) also provide some strategies to control tension when you are on the stage.
T 1. Think of presenting your message, not yourself.
B 2. Be prepared.
R 3. Relax. Take several deep breaths.
T 4. Try to be physically and mentally active.
A 5. Act confident and you’ll be confident.
U 6. Use gestures and movements.
Before you deliver your speech, keep in mind the following (BDO, Seidman, & LLP, 2009):
U 1. Use your voice properly
R 2. Relax and speak naturally
U 3. Use the language effectively
B 4. Be careful in articulation and pronunciation.
A 5. Avoid nervous filters and slang words
S 6. Show passion and sincerity.
U 7. Use nonverbal signs
B 8. Be prepared
This speech serves to provide interesting and factual information to the audience. To deliver this information, the message must be delivered clearly to the audience.
Informative Speech
Main elements in writing an informative speech:
K 1. Knowledge. Expertise and knowledge of the subject is shown when the information is adequately enough, your audience.
K 2. Key Points. Repeat all key points to ensure knowledge retention.
I 3. Interest. Convey your speech with confidence and include unusual facts about the subject.
This speech is written to explain and show people a step-by-step instruction on how to do something. This involves various types of visual aids to ensure effectiveness of the instructions.
Demonstrative Speech
Elements in Writing a Demonstrative Speech:
I 1. Instructions. Provides clear and concise instructions to your audience.
T 2. Task Breakdown. The task must be understandable in a logical way, step-by-step.
K 3. Key Points. This must be emphasized including safety issues.
This speech is written to persuade or convince your audience of the validity of your argument. This involves persuading someone to change their opinion or take into account some elements that have not really been considered before. The speech is arranged in such a way to hopefully cause the audience to accept all or part of the expressed view. It is usually the most difficult to deliver.
Persuasive Speech
Main elements in writing a Persuasive Speech
C 1. Credibility. Establish your credibility by demonstrating expertise, evidence, and knowledge of your subject. Present factual information, statistics combined with your personal experience to make your argument even more believable
P 2. Passion. Convey the subject with confidence, passion and conviction to appeal to the emotions of the audience.
Eight Persuasive Techniques
A- Appeal to authority
A- Appeal to reason
A- Appeal to emotion
A- Appeal to trust
P- Plain folks
B- Bandwagon
R- Rhetorical question
R- Repetition
This speech’s sole purpose is to have your audience enjoy the presentation. The purpose of this speech is to make your audience laugh, relax, enjoy and even laugh their heads off.
-has the nature to transmit a feeling of pleasure as well as goodwill to the audience of listeners. The speaker be gracious, genial, good natured as well as relaxed to his or her audience
Entertaining Speech
Guidelines in Creating an Entertaining Speech
C 1. Choose an appropriate topic
E 2. Enjoy yourself
K 3. Keep it simple
M 4. Make it visceral
is one of the most important aspects in delivering a speech aside from the preparation of the speech which entails research, organization, outlining, and practicing.
Speech delivery
is a result of the combination of two kinds of communication which is verbal communication and nonverbal communication.
Delivery
SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY:
I - 1. IMPROMPTU SPEAKING
E - 2. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
S - 3. SPEAKING FROM A MANUSCRIPT
S - 4. SPEAKING FROM MEMORY
is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation.
- often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion.
Impromptu Speaking
is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.
Extemporaneous speaking
is the rote recitation of a written that the speaker has committed to memory.
- Actors, of course, recite from memory whenever they perform from a script in a stage play, television program, or movie scene.
Memorized Speaking
is the word-for-word iteration of a written message
- the speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except when using visual aids.
Manuscript Speaking
(the subtle but meaningful variations in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and pace), gesture, and facial expression, your presentation will be flat and uninteresting, and even the most fascinating topic will suffer.
Vocal cue
It is given during a ceremony or a ritual that observes formality or etiquette.
Special Occasion Speech
Special Occasion Speeches:
S 1. Speeches of Introduction
S 2. Speeches of Presentation
S 3. Speeches of Dedication
T 4. Toast
E 5. Eulogies
S 6. Speeches of Farewell
S 7. Speeches of Promotion
R 8. Roasts
D 9. Dramatic Speeches
I 10. Inspirational Speeches
S 11. Speeches of Goodwill
Types of Dramatic Speeches
M a. Monologue a long-interrupted speech delivered by a character to other characters on stage.
S b. Soliloquy - a speech in which a character, alone on stage, reveals private thoughts that the audience is allowed to overhear.
A c. Aside - a brief remark a character makes to the audience rather than to other characters.
D d. Dialogue - the playwright’s main tool for developing characters and furthering the plot. It’s more on conversing with each other.
is an intangible asset that is made up of the favor of an individual or organization.
Goodwill
- It should be a complete speech and have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
- Think of a hook that will make your audience become interested in the upcoming speaker.
- Speeches of Introduction
Three basic types of speeches of goodwill:
P a. Public Relations. The ultimate goal of this speech is people to like the speaker and what he/she represents.
J b. Justification. This is given when someone attempts to defend why certain actions were taken or will be taken.
A c. Apology. These speeches have become more commonplace. Everywhere we look a politician, an actor/actress is doing something reprehensible and getting caught. In fact, the speech of apology has quickly become a fodder for humor as well.
This speech is given to accompany a prize or honor.
- Speeches of Presentation
This speech is delivered when a new store opens, a building is named after someone, or a new library is completed, and so on.
- Speeches of Dedication
is a speech designed to congratulate, or appreciate
-It can be delivered for the purpose of congratulating someone for an honor, or getting married
-to show your appreciation for what they’ve done
- to remember what they have accomplished in life.
- Toast
Praise/giving honor of someone who died.
- Eulogies
Speeches are a form of imparts an important, often galvanizing message to an audience.
-also recognize others for their contributions to your success, offer guidance to other students, and look to the future.
- Speeches of Promotion
This speech allows someone to say goodbye to a part of his/her life as he/she will move on to the next chapter that awaits him/her.
-This could be that you’re graduating from college and entering the work force or leaving your current job. writing in which the writer
- Speeches of Farewell
It is a speech of some duration addressed by character and usually performed on stage with characters on play or role-playing a story.
- Dramatic Speeches
a long-interrupted speech delivered by a character to other characters on stage.
a. Monologue
Such speeches are done using wit, satire and sarcasm
-They are normally intended to poke fun at someone in an intelligent yet fun way. Malice should never be the intention of such speeches.
- Roasts
Are both informative and persuasive
-You seek to persuade your audience to be in favor of you and who or what you represent
- Speeches of Goodwill
The goal of this speech is to elicit an emotional state within an audience.
- Inspirational Speeches
a speech in which a character, alone on stage, reveals private thoughts that the audience is allowed to overhear.
b. Soliloquy
a brief remark a character makes to the audience rather than to other characters.
c. Aside
the playwright’s main tool for developing characters and furthering the plot. It’s more on conversing with each other.
d. Dialogue
The ultimate goal of this speech is people to like the speaker and what he/she represents.
a. Public Relations
This is given when someone attempts to defend why certain actions were taken or will be taken.
b. Justification
These speeches have become more commonplace. Everywhere we look a politician, an actor/actress is doing something reprehensible and getting caught.
c. Apology
Goodwill speeches highlight four:
S- Shared values,
C- Customs,
B- Beliefs,
M- Morals.
✓One of the elements that gives
information and ideas to its intended
receiver or audience
✓Verbal or nonverbal or both makes up
the content of the communication process
✓The source or sender starts the process
by conveying the message to a receiver
MESSAGE
VERBAL TYPES
Written or spoken words
Sign language
E-mail
Text messages
Phone calls
Snail-mail
Sky-writing
Nonverbal Types
Meaningful behaviour beyond words
Body movement and gestures
Eye contact
Artifacts and clothing
Vocal variety
Touch
Timing
________ and _________ content is the part of
information that is transferred in a message.
Verbal and Nonverbal content
Verbal and Nonverbal content is the part of
information that is transferred in a message. If
non verbal cues do not align with the verbal
message, __________ is introduced even as
uncertainty is increased
ambiguity
✓The process of sending and
receiving message
✓Effective only when the
message is understood and
when it stimulates action or
encourages the receiver to think
in new ways
COMMUNICATING MESSAGE
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE MESSAGE?
I - INFORMATIVE MESSAGE
P- PERSUASIVE MESSAGES
G- GOODWILL MESSAGES
Used to share or convey information, usual, repetitive,
everyday tasks, directions, codes processes and procedures
in the workplace. The message should be clear, straight to
the point and easy to understand.
INFORMATIVE MESSAGE
These occur when a person tries to convince
another person or a group to take certain
specific action
PERSUASIVE MESSAGES
- It conveys meaning through a combination of elements that draw upon several semiotic systems.
- They draw upon and across the boundaries of the arts, performance and design disciplines, their knowledge, understanding, and process.
- The role of language in multimodal text varies, is not always dominant and is only part of the whole.
- In a _________ meaning is distributed across all elements (parts) and each elements have a role in contributing to the overall meaning of the text.
Multimodal Texts
The 5 semiotic systems
L 1. Linguistic: comprising aspects such as vocabulary, generic structure and the grammar of oral and written language
V 2. Visual: comprising aspects such as colour, vectors and viewpoint in still and moving images
A 3. Audio: comprising aspects such as volume, pitch and rhythm of music and sound effects
G 4. Gestural: comprising aspects such as movement, speed and stillness in facial expression and body language
S 5. Spatial: comprising aspects such as proximity, direction, position of layout and organisation of objects in space.
has the ability to get across his message effectively to an interested audience so that the audience can arrive at a good decision thus influence people’s outlook and character.
Public Speaker
comprising aspects such as vocabulary, generic structure and the grammar of oral and written language
Linguistic
comprising aspects such as color, vectors and viewpoint in still and moving images.
Visual
comprising aspects such as volume, pitch and rhythm of music and sound effects
Audio
comprising aspects such as movement, speed and stillness in facial expression and body language
Gestural
comprising aspects such as proximity, direction, position of layout and organisation of objects in space.
Spatial
Authors have used poems or funny anecdotes to express their gratitude.
Alternative Dedications
In the past, many dedications were often written in the style of a ________
Formal Letter
-being respectful and considerate
-promotes equality by demonstrating an understanding
that all people and groups are valuable
-avoid expressions and actions that exclude,
marginalized or offend
-term first became popular during 1970s and 1980s
POLITICAL CORRECTNESS
These are used to show a sense of kindness, friendliness, gratitude, regret, sympathy, appreciation, congratulations, and invitations.
GOODWILL MESSAGES
Politically Correct, what is their Nonpolitical word?
- Winter Festival
- Economically Inactive
- Economically marginalized
- Firefighter
- Metabolic Overachiever
- Mail Carrier
- Sex care provider
- Outdoor urban dwellers
- Freedom fighter
- Winter Festival - Christmas
- Economically Inactive - Unemployed
- Economically marginalized - Poor
- Firefighter - Fireman
- Metabolic Overachiever - Fat
- Mail Carrier - Postman
- Sex care provider - Prostitute
- Outdoor urban dwellers - Homeless
- Freedom fighter - Terrorist
Godbless, Kyle.
