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MCAT Organic Chemistry > Purification Methods > Flashcards

Purification Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Extraction

A

separates dissolved substances based on differential solubility in aqueous vs. organic solvents

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2
Q

Filtration

A

separates solids from liquids

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3
Q

Chromatography

A

uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase to separate compounds based on polarity or size

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4
Q

Distillation

A

Separates liquids based on boiling point, which depends on intermolecular forces

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5
Q

Simple Distillation

A

can be used to separate two liquids with boiling points below 150 degrees and at least 25 degrees apart

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6
Q

Vacuum Distillation

A

used when a liquid to be distilled has a boiling point above 150 degrees

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7
Q

Fractional Distillation

A

used when two liquids have boiling points that are less than 25 degrees apart

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8
Q

Recrystallization

A

separates solids based on differential solubility in varying temperatures

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9
Q

Electrophoresis

A

used to separate biological macromolecules based on size/charge

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10
Q

Thin-Layer/ Paper Chromatography

A

Mobile Phase: nonpolar solvent
Stationary Phase: polar card
Use: identify a sample

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11
Q

Reverse-Phase Chromatography

A

Mobile Phase: polar solvent
Stationary Phase: nonpolar card
Use: identify a sample

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12
Q

Column Chromatography

A

Mobile Phase: nonpolar solvent
Stationary Phase: polar gel or powder
Use: separate a sample

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13
Q

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

A

Mobile Phase: nonpolar solvent
Stationary Phase: charged beads in a column
Use: separate by charge

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14
Q

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

A

Mobile Phase: nonpolar solvent
Stationary Phase: polar, porous beads in a column
Use: separate by size

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15
Q

Affinity Chromatography

A

Mobile Phase: nonpolar solvent
Stationary Phase: beads coated with a receptor for a target molecule
Use: purify a molecule of interest (usually a protein)

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16
Q

Gas Chromatography

A

Mobile Phase: inert gas
Stationary Phase: crushed metal or polymer
Use: separate vaporizable compounds

17
Q

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

A

Mobile Phase: nonpolar solvent
Stationary Phase: small column with concentration gradient
Use: separate into componenets, ++ precise

MCAT Organic Chemistry (15 decks)

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