Organic Oxidation-Reduction

Question 1

Level 0

Answer 1

alkanes

Question 2

Level 1

Answer 2

alcohols, alkyl halides, amines

Question 3

Level 2

Answer 3

aldehydes, ketones, imines

Question 4

Level 3

Answer 4

carboxylic acids, anhydrides, esters, amides

Question 5

Level 4

Answer 5

carbon dioxide

Question 6

Oxidation

Answer 6

loss of electrons, fewer bonds to hydrogens, more bonds to heteroatoms

Question 7

Reduction

Answer 7

gain of electrons, more bonds to hydrogens, fewer bonds to heteroatoms

Question 8

Oxidizing Agents

Answer 8

have a high affinity for electrons, or unusually high oxidation states

Question 9

Reducing Agents

Answer 9

low electronegativities and ionization energies

Question 10

Oxidation of Primary Alcohol

Answer 10

PCC takes it to an anhydride, stronger will take it to a carboxylic acid

Question 11

Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol

Answer 11

results in a ketone

Question 12

Oxidation of Tertiary Alcohol

Answer 12

cannot occur without breaking a carbon-carbon bond

Question 13

Mesylates and Tosylates

Answer 13

Alcohols can be converted to mesylates (derived from methanesulfonic acid) or tosylates (derived from toluenesulfonic acid) to make them better leaving groups for nucleophilic substitution reactions

Question 14

Protecting Groups

Answer 14

alcohols can be used as protecting groups for carbonyls, as reaction with a dialcohol forms an unreactive acetal, which can then be reverted after