Pure substances, mixtures, changes, properties, pH & indicators Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Made up of only one type of particle (atom or molecule) that possesses its own properties. A pure substance can be an element or a compound.

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

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3
Q

What are some examples of elements?

A
  • Au (gold)
  • Fe (iron)
  • H (hydrogen)
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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance made up of two or more types of atoms combined.

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5
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance that contains more than one type of element. A mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

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6
Q

What is a homogenous mixture?

A

Made of at least two pure substances whose particles are uniformly distributed. A solute is dissolved into the solvent and cannot be seen in the naked eye. (Coffee, vinegar,etc)

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7
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

Made of at least two pure substances whose particles are not uniformly distributed, these substances can be seen with the naked eye. (Salad, soups,etc)

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8
Q

What are the types of transformations matter can go through?

A

Physical & chemical changes

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9
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change that occurs when the appearance of a substance is changed without changing its nature.

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10
Q

What are some examples of physical changes?

A
  • Change in shape
  • Phase change
  • Separation of a mixture
  • Dilution
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11
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change that takes place when two or more substances, called reactants, interact to create new substances called products.

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12
Q

What are some examples of chemical changes?

A
  • Colour change
  • Gas, heat, light, electricity
  • Precipitate
  • create a new substance
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13
Q

What is a characteristic property?

A

Special or unique properties that help identify and classify a given substance.

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14
Q

What are some examples of characteristic properties?

A
  • Melting point
  • Boiling point
  • Solubility
  • Density
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15
Q

What is density?

A

The measurement of how tightly a material is packed together in an object/substance.

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16
Q

How do you find density?

A

D = M/V

17
Q

What does Cobalt chloride paper determine?

A

If a substance contains water or not.

18
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Substances that react chemically in the presence of acids, bases, or neutral solutions by changing colours.

19
Q

What are some examples of indicators?

A
  • Litmus paper
  • Phenolphthalein
  • Bromothymol Blue
20
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

Determines whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.

21
Q

Solutions from what numbers on the pH scale are acidic?

A

pH of 0-6

22
Q

Solutions from what numbers on the pH scale are bases?

A

pH of 8-14

23
Q

Solutions from what numbers on the pH scale are neutral?

A

pH of 7

24
Q

What is Decomposition?

A

Breaks apart a substance into multiple components.
2H2O —–> 2H2 + O2

25
Q

What is Synthesis?

A

Adds two substances to make something new.
SO2 + H2O ——> H2SO3

26
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When oxygen is a reactant.
4Fe + 3O2 —-> 2Fe2O3