pupil subcultures

Question 1

what is a subculture?

Answer 1

a group of people that have values and beliefs that differ from the prominent culture of society

Question 2

gender - who is most likely to join anti school subcultures?

Answer 2

formed by boys [typically wc]

Question 3

gender - what do mac and ghaill argue?

Answer 3

Lads rejection of school was because they saw being studious students as undermining their masculinity and pointless as they viewed their masculinity as shaped by the traditional manual industry - so they form anti school subcultures

Question 4

gender - what subcultures do wc boys?

Answer 4

macho lads - similar to lads in Willis study : white wc boys who want to work in traditional male manual jobs

Question 5

class - what does sugarman purpose?

Answer 5

sugarman (1970) argues different social classes have different values - wc values are:
- immediate gratification - tend to want rewards ´now ´ rather than making sacrifices for future rewards, eg job = equals money = immediate material benefits
middle class practice deferred gratification (putting off today’s pleasure for future gains), eg investment in their children’s education = good career progression = greater financial rewards
- fatalism - working class children accept their social and economic position: they do not believe they can change or improve it with individual effort put into school
- low parent interest - wc less likely to look at long term benefits of being in the ES

Question 6

class - what does Hargreaves argue?

Answer 6

Wc pupils from anti learning subcultures as a response to being labelled as ‘failures’ replace school values by which they can achieve the success and status in their eyes of their peers. this is likely to lead to lead to educational failure

Question 7

class - what do hollingworth and williams argue?

Answer 7

when it comes to mc pupils there is not a single type of subculture but a great variety depending on the leisure pursuits they enjoy e.g goths emos poshies. they tend to form proschool subcultures, having a positive attitude towards the values of school, whereby teachers have a positive view of them.

Question 8

ethnicity - what do gaine and george argue?

Answer 8

Gaine and George (1999) found African-Caribbean subcultures develop from both factors inside and outside school

Question 9

ethnicity - what responses does sewell propose?

Answer 9

conformist - keen to succeed, excepted the schools goals
innovator - pro education but anti school valued success but not teachers approval
retreatist - disconnected from the school and black subcultures outside of it
rebels - rejected the school goals and conformed to the stereotype of black macho lad