ethnicity external

Question 1

ethnic group definition

Answer 1

a group that sees itself as culturally distinct from other groupings in a society and is seen by others as distinctive

Question 2

ethnicity definition

Answer 2

shared culture of a social group which gives its members a common identity in some ways different from other groups

Question 3

who are the highest achieving? what class are they more likely to be?

Answer 3

chinese, indian, asian pupils who are more likely to be middle-class

Question 4

who are the lowest achieving? what class are they more likely to be?

Answer 4

black carribean, pakistani, bangladeshi, gypsy/roma

Question 5

what 5 external factors impact ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 5

1. discrimination/racism in wider society
2. cultural deprivation
3. attitudes and values
4. family structure and parental support
5. material deprivation

Question 6

discrimination/racism in wider society - what did noon suggest?

Answer 6

employers will actively discriminate against job applicants with foreign sounding names based on biased views of particular groups

Question 7

discrimination/racism in wider society - what is poverty?

Answer 7

a product of racism

Question 8

discrimination/racism in wider society - what did john rex propose?

Answer 8

racial discrimination leads to social exclusion which worsens poverty

Question 9

discrimination/racism in wider society - what is more likely to happen to minorities?

Answer 9

forced into substandard accommodation of white people of the same class

Question 10

cultural deprivation - how do linguistic skills affect achievement?

Answer 10

many children from low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences which leaves them poorly equipped for school as they have not been able to develop reasoning and problem solving skills

Question 11

cultural deprivation - what does Engelmann propose?

Answer 11

language spoken by low-income black american’s as inadequate for educational success as it’s disjointed and not grammatical

Question 12

attitudes and values - what do black people lack?

Answer 12

motivation which leads to underachievement

Question 13

attitudes and values - what are balck children socialised into?

Answer 13

subculture that instils a fatalistic ‘live for today’ attitude that does not value education and leaves them non equipped for success

Question 14

family structure and parental support - what does moyilhan argue?

Answer 14

because many black families are headed by a lone mother their children are deprived of adequate care because she has to struggle financially in the absence of a male breadwinner - not socialised properly

Question 15

family structure and parental support - what cycle does moyilhan propose?

Answer 15

inadequately socialised children from unstable families go on to fail at school and become inadequate parents themselves

Question 16

family structure and parental support - what does murray argue?

Answer 16

high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models lead to underachievement of some minorities

Question 17

material deprivation - what does statistics does palmer highlight?

Answer 17

• almost half of all ethnic minorities live in low income households
• ethnic minorities are almost twice as likely to be unemployed compared with whites
• 3x more likely to be homeless

Question 18

material deprivation - why are these statistics so high?

Answer 18

• many live in economically depressed areas
• cultural factors prevent women form working
• lack of language skills
• asylum seekers may not be allowed to take work
• racial discrimination in labour market