Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 1

Where is the carnia located?

Answer 1

bifurcation of the trachea into the two primary bonchi

Question 2

What is the function of the carnia?

Answer 2

produces strong cough reflex

Question 3

What is a major difference between bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 3

bronchioles lack cartilage

Question 4

Vita lung capacity

Answer 4

sum of the

1. inspiratory reserve volume
2. tidal volume
3. expiratory reserve volume

Question 5

Tidal volume =

Answer 5

500 ml

Question 6

tidal volume is the

Answer 6

volume of air that is inspired or expired with each breath at rest

Question 7

inspiratory reserve volume =

Answer 7

3000 ml

Question 8

inspiratory reserve volume is the

Answer 8

volume of air that can be inspired in addition to tidal volume with forceful inspiration

Question 9

expiratory reserve volume =

Answer 9

1100 ml

Question 10

expiratory reserve volume is the

Answer 10

additional volume of air that can be expired at the end of a tidal volume by forceful expiration

Question 11

residual volume =

Answer 11

1200 ml

Question 12

residual volume is the

Answer 12

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after forceful expiration

Question 13

vital capacity =

Answer 13

4600 ml

Question 14

vital capacity is the

Answer 14

sum of all volumes that can be inspired of exhaled

Question 15

total lung capacity =

Answer 15

5800 ml

Question 16

total lung capacity is the

Answer 16

sum of all the volumes

Question 17

tota lung capacity formula =

Answer 17

vital capacity + residual volume

Question 18

alveolar ventilation is the

Answer 18

total volume of gases that enter spaces participating in gas exchange per minute

Question 19

anatomical dead space is the

Answer 19

include the space in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Question 20

physiological dead space is the

Answer 20

anatomic dead space + ventilated alveoli with poor/absent perfusion

Question 21

total volume of gases that enter spaces participating in gas exchange per minute =

Answer 21

alveolar ventilation (V_subscript_A)

Question 22

Total dead space in a normal individual is about

Answer 22

.15 liters

Question 23

(tidal volume - dead space) x (breathing rate) =

Answer 23

(.35 x breathing rate) = alveolar ventilation

Question 24

(.35 x breathing rate) =

Answer 24

alveolar ventilation = (tidal volume - dead space) x (breathing rate)

Question 25

pleural pressure is

Answer 25

the pressure of fluid between parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Question 26

alveolar pressure is

Answer 26

the pressure of air inside the alveoli

Question 27

transpulmonary pressure is

Answer 27

the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure

Question 28

during inspirational pleural pressure =

Answer 28

-5 to -7.5 cm H20

Question 29

during expiration pleural pressure =

Answer 29

-7.5 to -5 cm H20

Question 30

during inspiration alveolar pressure =

Answer 30

0 to -1 cm H20

Question 31

during expiration alveolar pressure =

Answer 31

0 to +1 cm H20

Question 32

______ = (todal volume x respiration volume)

Answer 32

minute ventilation

Question 33

minute ventilation =

Answer 33

tidal volume x respiration volume

Question 34

the average alveolus is about

Answer 34

100 cm

Question 35

for the average sized alveolus, the

Answer 35

surface tension pressure is about 4 cm of water with surfacant and 18 cm without

Question 36

compliance is ____ proportional to distensibility and volume

Answer 36

indirectly

Question 37

compliance is the volume by which

Answer 37

the lungs and thorax increase for each unit pressure change in the transpulmonary pressure