PULMONARY VENTILATION Flashcards
main function of respiration
provide oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide
4 major components of respiration
- pulmonary ventilation
- diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood
- transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids
- regulation of ventilation
2 ways the lungs can be expanded or contracted
- downward or upward movement of the diaphragm
- elevation or depression of the ribs
the most important muscles that raise the rib cage
external intercostals
muscles that help in raising the ribcage
- sternocleidomastoid
- anterior serrati
- scaleni
muscles that pull the rib downward during expiration
abdominal recti
internal intercostals
T/F: There are no attachments between the lung and walls of the chest cage
true
it is where the lungs are suspended
mediastinum
the lungs are surrounded by a thin layer of ___ that lubricates movement of the lungs within the cavity
pleural fluid
the pressure of the fluid in the thin space between the lung pleura and chest wall pleura
pleural pressure
the pressure of the fluid in the thin space between the lung pleura and chest wall pleura
pleural pressure
the pressure difference between that in the alveoli and that on the outer surfaces of the lungs (pleural pressure)
transpulmonary pressure
the elastic forces in the lungs that tend to collapse the lungs at each instant of respiration
recoil pressure
the extent to which the lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure
lung compliance
the characteristics of the compliance diagram are determined by 2 elastic forces namely:
- elastic forces of the lung tissue
- elastic forces caused by surface tension of the fluid that lines the inside walls of the alveoli
the elastic forces of the lung tissue are determined mainly by ___ and ____ interwoven among the lung parenchyma
elastin and collagen fibers
The fluid-air surface tension elastic forces of the lungs
also increase tremendously when the substance called ____ is not present in the alveolar fluid.
surfactant
surfactant is a _____ agent in water
surface-active
surfactant is secreted by
type II alveolar epithelial cells
the most important components of surfactant are
dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
surfactant apoproteins
calcium ions
Pulmonary ventilation can be studied by recording the
volume movement of air into and out of the lungs, a
method called ____
spirometry
the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath
tidal volume
volume that is the extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume when the person inspires with full force
inspiratory reserve
the maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after the end of a normal tidal expiration
expiratory reserve volume
