pulmonary values and tests

Question 1

What is a hallmark of lung pattern pathology in obstructive disease?

Answer 1

reduced airflow and hyperinflation INCREASED RESIDUAL VOLUME

Question 2

What type of lung pattern pathology is common in restrictive lung disease?

Answer 2

reduced volume, total lung capacity is smaller overall

Question 3

What is a nebulizer?

Answer 3

converts drug to a mist that is inhaled

Question 4

What is a metered dose inhaler?

Answer 4

deliver a specific amount of aerosolized drug

Question 5

Acetylcystein (mucomyst) and Pulmozyme (Dnase) are what kind of drug? Side effects?

Answer 5

mucolytics

nausea and vomiting are common side effects

Question 6

How does a mucolytic function?

Answer 6

decreases the viscosity of secretions

Question 7

Guifenesin is what kind of drug? How does it work? What are common side effects?

Answer 7

expectorant, makes more mucus but is thinner, nausea and vomitting

Question 8

What do azithromysin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracyclcine do?

Answer 8

They are antibiotics that fight infection

Question 9

What is the pathway of bronchodilation?

Answer 9

SNS activation releases->norepinephrine–>which activates B-2 receptor activation–>leads to bronchodilation

Question 10

What is one pathway to bronchoconstriction that includes cholinergic/muscarinic receptor activation?

Answer 10

PNS activation->releases acetylcholine->leads to cholinergic/muscarinic receptor activation-> bronchoconstriction

Question 11

What is the second path of bronchonstriction involving inflammation?

Answer 11

Inflammation leads to bronchoconstriction which leads to more bronchoconstriction

Question 12

What is the role of beta-adrenergic in regulating bronchomotor tone? Side effects of common meds?

Answer 12

Activate B-2 receptors to bronchodilate, side effects include nervousness, restlessness, tremor

Question 13

How do you block PNS-mediated bronchoconstriction? Side effects?

Answer 13

Anti-cholenergics. Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, confusion

Question 14

How do you promote bronchodilation?

Answer 14

Use of methylxanthine/theophylline, side effects include toxicity confusion, nausea, irritability

Question 15

Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids), leukotriene inhibitors, and cromones assist in decreasing _____ in ____ kind of pulmonary disorder?

Answer 15

Inflammation, obstructive (related to the issue/complication of increased bronchoconstriction in these patients)

Question 16

What is FiO2? In a patient being provided with supplemental oxygen, is this number higher or lower than atmospheric oxygen?

Answer 16

Fraction of inspired air in the volume being measure, room oxygen is .21. If a patient is provided with supplemental oxygen, it is higher up to 1=100% oxygen

Question 17

Implications of use of supplemental oxygen aka increasing oxygen saturation (SaO2) on PT?

Answer 17

Can decrease dyspnea and improve activity tolerance.

Question 18

What are the 2 precautions of supplemental oxygen?

Answer 18

O2 toxicity: prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen can cause lung damage. Patients w CO2 retention (high FiO2 can decrease ventilatory drive, leading to hypoventilation

Question 19

What three factors control FiO2?

Answer 19

02 flow rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume

Question 20

What factor does the venturi mask most rely on for control of FiO2?

Answer 20

Flow rate=10 L/min, keeps FiO2=25-50%, respiratory rate and tidal volume don’t matter

Question 21

What are 3 objective ways to measure oxygen?

Answer 21

SpO2, pH, PaO2(partial pressure of oxygen in blood stream)

Question 22

What is hypoxic drive controlled by in patients with COPD?

Answer 22

Hypoxic Drive is breathing that is controlled mainly by peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to O2.

• high O2 = decreased rate and depth of breathing
• low O2 = increased rate and depth of breathing

Question 23

What is the risk of not titrating a patient with COPD’s oxygen down after exercise?

Answer 23

If the O2 is not titrated down after exercise the increased levels of O2 will decrease rate and depth of breathing causing CO2 to build in the blood resulting in Oxygen Induced Hypercapnia.