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acute care > Pulmonary Rehab > Flashcards

Pulmonary Rehab Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the V/ Q mismatch using the terms “shunt and dead

A

V/Q mismatch: either the lung gets blood flow with not enough O2 or O2 with not enough blood
dead space: excess oxygen ( V)
shunt: excess blood flow ( P)

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2
Q

Which volume is the amount of air that we inhale and exhale during one respiratory cycle

A

Tidal volume

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3
Q

Which is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal exhalation

A

functional residual capacity

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4
Q

This breathing aid helps prevent infection and reduce atelectasis

A

Incentive spirometer
measures volume of air inhaled after inspiration

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5
Q

Which capacity is the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation?

A

vital capacity
Indicator of ability to breathe deeply and cough
Reflects Inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength

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6
Q

This lung volume is directly affected in emphysema and pneumothorax infection since there is air trapping and increased intra thoracic pressure

A

residual volume

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7
Q

apnea ( breathing pattern definitions)

A

Lack of airflow to the lungs for >15 seconds

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8
Q

Biot’s respirations

A

CONSTANT increased rate and depth of respiration followed by periods of apnea of varying lengths

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9
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

Increasing DEPTH of ventilation followed by a period of apnea

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10
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

Increased regular RATE and DEPTH of ventilation

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11
Q

Paradoxic ventilation

A

Inward abdominal or chest wall movement with inspiration and outward movement with expiration
MISMATCH OF HOW THE CHEST WALL MOVES AND BREATHS GOING IN AND OUT

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12
Q

Bradypnea

A

Ventilation rate <12 breaths per minute

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13
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased depth of ventilation

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14
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased rate and depth of ventilation resulting in decreased PCO2

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15
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Decreased rate and depth of ventilation resulting in increased PCO2

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16
Q

Hoover’s sign

A

The inward motion of the lower rib cage during inhalation

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17
Q

Sighing respirations

A

The presence of a sigh >2-3 times per minute

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18
Q

Orthopnea

A

Dyspnea that occurs in a flat supine position. Relief occurs with more upright sitting or standing

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19
Q

What does arterial blood gas measure

A

pH
ventilation ( CO2)
oxygenation ( O2)

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20
Q

What happens the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right

A

pH increases
alkalosis or hypocapnia

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21
Q

What happens the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right

A

pH decreases
acidosis or hypercapnia

22
Q

arterial blood gases purpose

A

streamlines medical or therapeutic interventions
examples- mechanical ventilation and breathing assist techniques

23
Q

PaO2(PO2) vs. SaO2(O2saturation)

A

PaO2 =Partial pressure of dissolved O2in plasma
SaO2 = % of hemoglobin paired with O2 molecules

24
Q

Air trapping

A

gas stuck in the lungs –> obstructive lung disease
little miss emphysema

25
Q

Consolidation

A

some type of thing replacing alveolar air

26
Q

bronchospasm

A

smooth muscle in the bronchi constrict
asthma

27
Q

air trapping leads to

A

hyperinflation

28
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low O2 levels in BLOOD ( below 60 mmHg)
60 to 80 mmHg = normal

29
Q

Hypoxia

A

low level of oxygen in TISSUES

30
Q

Respiratory distress

A

comes before respiratory failure
dyspnea, respiratory muscle fatigue, abnormal respiratory pattern and rate, anxiety, and cyanosis related to INADEQUATE GAS EXCHANGE

31
Q

Non-rebreather mask (10-15 lpm)

A

60 to 80%
face mask that is connected to a reservoir bag that is filled with a high concentration of oxygen

32
Q

Partial Rebreather ( 6-10)pm)

A

60 to 80%
a two-way valve present between the reservoir bag and mask

33
Q

High flow nasal cannula

A

up to 100% FiO2
highest FiO2

34
Q

Salt nasal cannula

A

25%-44% FiO2

35
Q

FIO2

A

Concentration of O2 that is being breathed

36
Q

What are the 3 continous lung sounds

A
  1. wheeze
  2. stridor
  3. rhonchi
37
Q

wheeze- cause and more common with what type of respiration

A

airway obstruction, more common on expiration

38
Q

Stridor- cause and when does it show up
special consideration

A

high-pitched wheeze
both inhale and exhale
A MEDICAL EMERGENCY

39
Q

Rhonchi- cause and what it sounds like

A

low-pitched from airway obstruction,
snoring sound

40
Q

discontinous adventitous breath that is like bubbling, popping sounds from fluid/secretions or sudden opening of closed airway

A

crackles

41
Q

origin of extrapulmonary ( EP) sound

A

dysfunction outside of the lung tissue.

42
Q

what are the 3 ADVENTITIOUS BS voice sounds

A
  1. Whispered pectoriloquy
  2. Bronchophony
  3. Egophony
43
Q

what is the most common EP sound

A

pleural friction rub
= loud grating sound and present in inspiration and expiration

44
Q

Whispered pectoriloquy

A

pt. whispers 1 2 3 and + for either consolidation or hyperinflation
+ for consolidation = CLEARLY AUDIBLE in distal lung fields
+ for hyperinflation = LESS AUDIBLE in distal lung

45
Q

Bronchophony

A

Patient repeats the phrase “ninety-nine.”
results = similar to whispered pectoriloquy.

46
Q

Egophony

A

Patient repeats the letter e.
If the auscultation in the distal lung fields sound like a, then there’s probably fluid in the air spaces or lung parenchyma

47
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome
PT considerations

A

associated with a lot of issues and a high mortality rate
HAVE PT. IN PRONE ( improves V/Q matching)

48
Q

Flail chest - what it is and prognosis

A

= 2+ rib fractureswith two or more breaks per rib
= high morbidity and mortality rate

49
Q

Bronchial LUNG AUSCULTATION ETIOLOGY

A

Fluid or secretion consolidation (airlessness)
may occur w/ pneumonia

50
Q

Decreased or diminished (less audible) LUNG AUSCULTATION ETIOLOGY

A

Hypoventilation, severe congestion, or emphysema

51
Q

Absent LUNG AUSCULTATION ETIOLOGY

A

Pneumothorax or lung collapse

52
Q

General pulmonary treatment ideas for PT

A
  1. Breathing retraining exercises
  2. Secretion clearance techniques
  3. Positioning
  4. Functional activities
    Exercise
  5. Patient education
    Monitoring VS

acute care (13 decks)

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