Pulmonary: Pathologies: Restrictive Lung Disease: Other Flashcards
Atelectasis
- Collapsed or airless alveolar unit
Atelectasis: Caused by
Hypoventilation secondary to
- Pain during the ventilatory cycle
- Internal bronchial obstruction
- External bronchial compression
- low tidal volumes
- Neurologic insult
Pleural Effusion
- Excessive fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura
Pleural Effusion: Caused by
Increased pleural permeability to proteins from
- Inflammatory diseases
- Neoplastic Disease
- Increased hydrostatic pressure within pleural space
- Decrease in osmotic pressure
- Peritoneal fluid within the pleural space
- Interference of pleural reabsorption from an invasion of pleural lymphatics
Pulmonary Edema
- Excessive seepage of fluid from the pulmonary vascular system to the interstitial space
Pulmonary Edema: Cardiogenic
- Results from increased pressure in pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary Edema: Cardiogenic: Associated with
- Left ventricular failure
- Aortic valvular disease
- Mitral valvular disease
Pulmonary Edema: Non-Cardiogenic:
- Results from increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes
Pulmonary Edema: Non-Cardiogenic: Associated with
- Inhalation of toxic fumes
- Hypervolemia
- Narcotic overdose
Pulmonary Edema: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Acute inflammatory response characterized by pulmonary edema
Pulmonary Edema: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Caused by
Systemic pathology
- Sepsis
- Pneumonia
- Trauma
- Substance Abuse
Pulmonary Embolism
- A thrombus form the peripheral venous circulation becomes embolic and lodges in the pulmonary circulation
- Small emoboli do not necessarily cause infarction
Pulmonary Hypertension
Increased arterial pressures within the pulmonary vasculature syste
Pulmonary Hypertension: Caused by
- Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
- Left heart disease
- Chronic lung disease/Hypoxemia
- Pulmonary artery obstruction
- Multifactorial issues
Pulmonary Hypertension: Treatment
- Exercise
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
- Most common type is non small cell lung cancer
- Other is small cell lung cancer
Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Rates of Disease
- Adenocarcinoma most often
- Then squamous cell carcinoma
- Then large cell carcinoma
Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Risk Factors
- Smoking is largest risk factors
- Radiation
- Environmental exposure
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Genetics
Tuburculosis
- Infection
- Spread via aerosolized droplets from an infected host
Tuburculosis: Red Flag
- Two weeks of appropriate antituberculosis drugs renders the host non infectious
- During the infectious stage the patient must be isolated from others in a negative pressure room
- Therapists must wear proper PPE and protective TB mask and follow universal precautions
- If the patent leaves the room they must wear a specialized mask to keep from infecting others
Pott’s Disease
- A form of spinal TB that primarily affects the thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae
Pott’s Disease: Causes
- Arthritic changes that can result in kyphosis
