Pulmonary: Pathologies: Restrictive Lung Disease: Other

Question 1

Atelectasis

Answer 1

• Collapsed or airless alveolar unit

Question 2

Atelectasis: Caused by

Answer 2

Hypoventilation secondary to

• Pain during the ventilatory cycle
• Internal bronchial obstruction
• External bronchial compression
• low tidal volumes
• Neurologic insult

Question 3

Pleural Effusion

Answer 3

• Excessive fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura

Question 4

Pleural Effusion: Caused by

Answer 4

Increased pleural permeability to proteins from

• Inflammatory diseases
• Neoplastic Disease
• Increased hydrostatic pressure within pleural space
• Decrease in osmotic pressure
• Peritoneal fluid within the pleural space
• Interference of pleural reabsorption from an invasion of pleural lymphatics

Question 5

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 5

• Excessive seepage of fluid from the pulmonary vascular system to the interstitial space

Question 6

Pulmonary Edema: Cardiogenic

Answer 6

• Results from increased pressure in pulmonary capillaries

Question 7

Pulmonary Edema: Cardiogenic: Associated with

Answer 7

• Left ventricular failure
• Aortic valvular disease
• Mitral valvular disease

Question 8

Pulmonary Edema: Non-Cardiogenic:

Answer 8

• Results from increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes

Question 9

Pulmonary Edema: Non-Cardiogenic: Associated with

Answer 9

• Inhalation of toxic fumes
• Hypervolemia
• Narcotic overdose

Question 10

Pulmonary Edema: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 10

• Acute inflammatory response characterized by pulmonary edema

Question 11

Pulmonary Edema: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Caused by

Answer 11

Systemic pathology

• Sepsis
• Pneumonia
• Trauma
• Substance Abuse

Question 12

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 12

• A thrombus form the peripheral venous circulation becomes embolic and lodges in the pulmonary circulation
• Small emoboli do not necessarily cause infarction

Question 13

Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 13

Increased arterial pressures within the pulmonary vasculature syste

Question 14

Pulmonary Hypertension: Caused by

Answer 14

• Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
• Left heart disease
• Chronic lung disease/Hypoxemia
• Pulmonary artery obstruction
• Multifactorial issues

Question 15

Pulmonary Hypertension: Treatment

Answer 15

• Exercise

Question 16

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Answer 16

• Most common type is non small cell lung cancer

- Other is small cell lung cancer

Question 17

Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Rates of Disease

Answer 17

• Adenocarcinoma most often
• Then squamous cell carcinoma
• Then large cell carcinoma

Question 18

Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Risk Factors

Answer 18

• Smoking is largest risk factors
• Radiation
• Environmental exposure
• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Genetics

Question 19

Tuburculosis

Answer 19

• Infection

- Spread via aerosolized droplets from an infected host

Question 20

Tuburculosis: Red Flag

Answer 20

• Two weeks of appropriate antituberculosis drugs renders the host non infectious
• During the infectious stage the patient must be isolated from others in a negative pressure room
• Therapists must wear proper PPE and protective TB mask and follow universal precautions
• If the patent leaves the room they must wear a specialized mask to keep from infecting others

Question 21

Pott’s Disease

Answer 21

• A form of spinal TB that primarily affects the thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae

Question 22

Pott’s Disease: Causes

Answer 22

• Arthritic changes that can result in kyphosis