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National Physical Therapy Examination: Pulmonary > Pulmonary: Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Bony Thorax: Angle of Louis

A
  • Attachment of the second rib

- Bifurcation of the trachea

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2
Q

Bony Thorax: Ribs

A
  • 1-6 True costosternal ribs with attachment directly to sternum
  • 7-10 False costochondral ribs with chondral attachment to sternum
  • 11 and 12 Floating ribs with no attachment
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3
Q

Internal Structures: Pharynx

A
  • Part of both respiratory and digestive systems
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4
Q

Internal Structures: Larynx

A
  • Connects pharynx to the trachea including epiglottis and vocal cords
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5
Q

Lower Airways: Air conduction system: No gas exchange in

A
  • Trachea to terminal bronchioles
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6
Q

Lower Airways: Air conduction system: Gas exchange in

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Alveoli
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7
Q

Pleura: Parietal

A
  • Covers inner surface of the thoracic cage
  • Diaphragm
  • Mediastinal Border
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8
Q

Pleura: Visceral

A
  • Wraps the outer surface of the lung
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9
Q

Pleura: Intrapleural space

A
  • Space between the pleura

- Reduced friction between the two pleura

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10
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Diaphragm

A
  • Primary muscle in inspiration
  • When relaxed domes are arched into the thorax
  • When contracted the diaphragm flattens causing protrusion of the abdominal wall and inhalation
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11
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Accessory Muscles of Inspiration: Function

A
  • More rapid and deeper inhalation required

- Disease states

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12
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Accessory Muscles of Inspiration: Muscles attachments

A
  • Ribs 1 and 2=Scalenes+Sternocleidomastoid

- All other ribs=Levator costorum+serratus

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13
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Accessory Muscles of Inspiration: Closed Kinetic Chain

A 
Fixed shoulder girdle=
- Trapezius
- Pectoralis
- Serratus
Become the muscles of inspiration
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14
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Expiratory Muscles Ventilation: Passive exhalation

A
  • When relaxed exhalation occurs passively due to gravity with diaphragm returning to its high domed position in the thorax
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15
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Expiratory Muscles of Ventilation: Activated when

A
  • Quicker/fuller exhalation required
  • Exercise
  • Disease states
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16
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Expiratory Muscles of Ventilation: What are they

A
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • Portions of the intercostals
  • Muscles of the abdomen
17
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Lacking abdominal Musculature: (Spinal Cord Injury)

A
  • Lower resting position of the diaphragm causing decreased inspiratory reserve volume
18
Q

Muscles of Ventilation: Lacking abdominal Musculature: (Spinal Cord Injury) Positioning

A
  • More upright=Lower resting position=lower inspiratory reserve
  • Supine=Advantageous position of the diaphragm

National Physical Therapy Examination: Pulmonary (35 decks)

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