Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine 2 > Pulmonary lecture > Flashcards

Pulmonary lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of increased branching in the respiratory system?

A

Branching increases surface area, which decreases resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This is the interphase between blood and air in the respiratory system

A

alveolar-capillary unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This is the main muscle of respiration; used for small, consistent breaths

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

These are the accessory muscles of respiration, used for larger, deeper breaths.

A

Intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Gas exchange
  2. Acid-base balance
  3. Phonation
  4. Pulmonary defense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

By breathing faster and more shallow, what’s the acid-base balance?

A

Exhale more CO2, reduce H+ (more basic blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

By breathing slower and deeper, waht’s the acid-base balance?

A

More CO2 in blood, Produce H+ (more acidic blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This is making words and sounds via controlled and organized breaths.

A

Phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 features of pulmonary host defense?

A
  1. Ciliary beat
  2. Mucous trapping
  3. Secreted Antimicrobial substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of process is inhalation?

A

Active process - diaphragm flattens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Expiration is what type of process?

A

passive - diaphragm enlarged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This is the maximum of functional vital capacity; take a deep breath in

A

Inspiratory Reserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This is shallow, regular breaths controlled by the diaphragm

A

tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This is the minimum of the functional vital capacity; big breath out

A

expiratory reserve volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much residual volume do you always have

A

1.5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is a very simple imaging technique to look at the chest. Catches structural abnormalities

A

Chest X-ray and CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is a non-invasive, cheap procedure that measures the amount of oxygen

A

oximetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is an invasive technique that draws blood from the radial artery. Measures partial pressure of CO2 and oxygen

A

Arterial blood gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This is the measure of lung functions

A

Spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This allows direct visualization of airways and check for abnormalities

A

Bronchoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This is a chronic inflammatory disorder causing airway hyperresponsiveness leading to reversible airway narrowing

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What test do we use to diagnose asthma? What will it show?

A

Spirometry, will show an obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 hallmark symptoms of asthma?

A

Shortness of breath and wheezing

24
Q

What are the tx for acute asthma?

A
  1. inhaled albuterol

2. oral steroids

25
Q

What are the tx for chronic asthma?

A
  • albuterol
  • inhaled steroids
  • inhaled long-acting bronchodilators
  • anti-leukotrienes
26
Q

This is the persistent airflow obstruction due to emphysema or chronic bronchitis; almost always due to smoking

A

COPD

27
Q

This is chronic productive cough for 3 months or more in at least 2 consecutive years.

A

Chronic bronchitis

28
Q

This is permanent enlargement of distal airspaces due to destruction of alveolar walls

A

Emphysema

29
Q

A chest x-ray will show what for COPD?

A

hyper-inflation (large lungs)

30
Q

What’s the main tx for COPD?

A

stop smoking

31
Q

This is scarring of the lung tissue preventing gas exchange?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

32
Q

A chest-xray of pulmonary fibrosis will show what? Oximetry?

A
  • Interstitial thickening (looks like fine lines/net)

- low oxygen levels

33
Q

What are the 2 symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  1. Shortness of breath

2. Clubbing of fingers

34
Q

Are there tx for pulmonary fibrosis?

A

yes

35
Q

This is a heterogeneous group of diseases characteried by filling of the alveolar space with fluid

A

Alveolar filling diseases

36
Q

Water in alveoli = ?

What are the symptoms?

A

Pulmonary edema

- shortness of breath, orthnopnea (shortness of breath laying flat)

37
Q

Pus in alveoli = ?

What are the symptoms?

A

Pneumonia

- shortness of breath, cough, fever

38
Q

Blood in alveoli = ?

What are the symptoms?

A

diffuse alveolar hemorrhage

- shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis (coughing up blood)

39
Q

Stomach contents in alveoli = ?

What are the symptoms?

A

Aspiration

- shortness of breath, cough, fever

40
Q

Chest x-ray for pulmonary edema looks like ?

A

clouds

41
Q

This is known as a blood clot in the pulmonary circulation which reduces blood flow to the lungs

A

Pulmonary emboli

42
Q

Large clot = ?

A

death

43
Q

Medium clot = ?

A

hypoxia, hypotension, dyspnea

44
Q

Small clot = ?

A

Shortness of breath or none

45
Q

How do you treat pulmonary embolism?

A 
Anticoagulants (passive)
Thombolytic therapy (active, destroys blood clots)
46
Q

This is the uncontrolled transformation, growth and spread of cells originally derived from lung precursors

A

Lung cancer

47
Q

What type of lung cancer is most common? 2nd common?

A
  1. Adenocarcinoma

2. Squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q

What’s the #1 symptom of lung cancer?

A

Cough

49
Q

What are the 3 treatments for lung cancer?

A

Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy

50
Q

This is abnormal material in the pleural space.

A

Pleural disease

51
Q

Water in pleural cavity = ?

A

Pleural effusion

52
Q

Pus in pleural space = ?

A

Empyema

53
Q

Blood in pleural space = ?

A

Hemorrhage

54
Q

Air in pleural space = ?

A

Pneumothorax

55
Q

Urine in pleural space = ?

A

Urothorax

56
Q

Malignant cells in pleural space = ?

A

Malignant effusion

57
Q

How do we treat pleural disease?

A

Drain whatever is in the pleural cavity

Clinical Medicine 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions