Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine 2 > Pelino Hematology > Flashcards

Pelino Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood do we have?

A

5 Liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s the #1 hypercoagulable state in America? What % of whites have this?

A

Factor V

- 10% of whites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common cause of the anemias?

A

Iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 granulocytes?

A

BEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the non-granulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes (T + B cells)

Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bone marrow is stimulated to make Hb by what?

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long do RBCs live?

A

120 days/4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What increases the production of platelets?

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the major cytokine that stimulates stem cells to increase production of lymphocytes?

A

IL-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hb takes up what % of RBC weight?

A

33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What ingest RBCs?

A

Liver and Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anemia is defined in what 2 ways?

A
  1. Shortage of RBCs

2. Shortage of Hb in RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T-cells, B-cells and NK cells make up what individual % of WBCs?

A

T-cells = 70%
B-cells = 10%
NK cells = 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the normal range for platelet count?

A

150-350k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 3 things inhibit platelet aggregation?

A
  1. Nitric Oxide
  2. Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
  3. Prostacyclin (PGI2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood plasma is what % water?

A

92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 reasons why we don’t clot?

A
  1. Thrombomodulin binds to thrombin
  2. TPA breaks up fibrin clots
  3. Heparin-like molecule binds to A-III
  4. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is Tissue plasminogen Activator (TPA) from? what does it do?

A
  • Comes from endothelium

- breaks up fibrin clots (it’s fibrinolytic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does the heparin-like molecule stop clotting?

A
  1. binds to antithrombin III and inactivates thrombin & factors X/IX
20
Q

The tissue factor pathway inhibitor inactives what factors?

A

7 and 8

21
Q

Factor V is resistant to ?

A

resistant to normal degradation of activation protein C

22
Q

What are the top 5 primary states of hypercoagulation?

A
  1. Antithrombin III
  2. Factor V
  3. Hyperhomocysteinemia
  4. Prothrombin 20210
  5. Antiphopholipid Syndrome
23
Q

Hyperhomocysteinemia causes what 2 findings? What age are we worried about?

A

CRA and brain occlusion

  • 40years or less
24
Q

What’s the #2 primary hypercoagulable state in the US? What % of whites?

A

Prothrombin 20210

- found in 4% of whites

25
Q

Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with what? What % of the population has it?

A
  • Artery and vein occlusions
26
Q

How is hyperhomocystenemia treated?

A
  1. Vit. B6
  2. Vit. B12
  3. Folic acid
27
Q

What are the secondary states of hypercoagulation?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Malignancy
  3. CHF
  4. Immobility
28
Q

What is the ocular presentation of Hypercoagulation?

A
  1. CRAO/CRVO

2. BRAO/BRVO

29
Q

what is hyperviscosity evaluation?

A

Thickened blood due to increased circulating IGs

30
Q

What are some causes of hyperviscosity ?

A
  1. Multiple Myeloma
  2. leukemia
  3. Waldenstom Macroglobulinemia (IgM)
31
Q

What is the age range of hyperviscosity?

A

Older than 40

32
Q

What is the ocular presentation of hyperviscosity disorders?

A

Bilateral CRVO

33
Q

Leukemic retinopathy is found in what % of cases?

A

80%

34
Q

What are the 3 categories of ocular manifestations of Leukemic retinopathy?

A
  1. Leukemic Infiltrates
  2. Complications related to anemia/hyperviscosity
  3. Infections (CMV/Fungal)
35
Q

What type of anemia is found in patients who use Metformin for more than 5 years?

A

Pernicious Anemia = failure of B12 absorption

36
Q

RBC destruction is caused by what 4 things?

A
  1. Glucose deficiency
  2. Sickle Cell Anemia
  3. Alpha/Beta Thalassemia
37
Q

What are the findings in sickle cell retinopathy?

A
  1. Sunburst
  2. Salmon patch heme
  3. Seafans
  4. Fibrosis
38
Q

What is the most common leukemia? How many new cases a year?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia,

11,000 new cases a year

39
Q

Define Pancytopenia

A

Decrease in RBCs, WBCs, platelets

40
Q

Define thrombocytosis

A

high blood platelet count

41
Q

Define anemia

A

Hb < 13.5 male, <12 female

42
Q

Define Leukopenia

A

decrease in # of WBCs

43
Q

Define Leukocytosis

A

increase in number of WBCs

44
Q

Define ITP (Idiopathic Throbocyopenic Purpura)

A

Autoimmune disorder where immune system produces antibodies that attack and destroy platelets

45
Q

Define TTP (Throbotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)

A

Life threatening condition.

  • low platelet count
  • micro angiopathic hemolytic anemia
  • fever
  • renal dysfunction
  • neurologic signs
46
Q

What is the most frequent drug induced cause of decreased platelet production?

A

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Clinical Medicine 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions