Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine 2 > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Z-line?

A

Transition from stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus to simple columnar epithelium in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What controls peristalsis in the esophagus?

A

Auerbach’s plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This is a decrease in LES pressure, causing it to open + gastric contents to reflux into esophagus when supine (laying down)

A

GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This is when herniation of a portion of the stomach goes into thoracic cavity through diaphragm

A

Hiatal hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If GERD is untreated, it may lead to what 2 issues?

A
  1. Metaplasia = Barrett’s

2. Dysplasia = Neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 tests for GERD?

A
  1. Barium swallow
  2. Upper GI series
  3. Monitor esoph. PH
  4. Upper endoscopy (test of choice)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This is an adaptive replacement (metaplasia) of esophageal squamous epithelium with columnar found in stomach and intestine. Complication of GERD

A

Barrett’s Esophagus/epithelium

- 1% are malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This presents late with dysphagia; not diagnosed until after metastasis; Tp53 found in 50% of scc

A

Esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 types of esophageal cancer?

A
  1. Squamous cell

2. Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This causes pepsinogen to convert to pepsin in low pH; enyzyme that hydrolyzes protein to polypeptides

A

Chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This secretes HCL acid + intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

These cells secrete mucus in the stomach

A

Cardiac glands + mucus neck cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

These cells contain gastrin that stimulates secretion of HCl, Pepsin, Intrinsic factor, histamine type 2

A

G cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 4 things control stomach acid secretion?

A
  1. Gastrin
  2. Vagus nerve
  3. Histamine 2 from amst cells in mucosa
  4. Proton pumps in parietal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What inhibits stomach acid secretion

A

Prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is the inflammation + breakdown of gastric mucosal barrier leading to edema and erythema

A

Gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is an erosion or ulcer where acid-pepsin are exposed to mucosa

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common drug that causes PUD?

A

NSAIDs (decreases prostaglandin synthesis which decreases mucus and bicarbonate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s the most common infectious cause of PUD?

A

H. Pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This is a type of peptic ulcer (20% of PUD); found more in men; >50-60yo; main cause is H. Pylori; patients vomit blood

A

Gastric Ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

90% of gastric ulcers are found where? Can they become malignant?

A

Antrum and lesser curvature, anterior

- yes 4% become cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This is a type of peptic ulcer (80%), found = in men and women; ~40 yos; H. pylori was main cause; patients poop blood

A

Duodenal Ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

90% of duodenal ulcers occur where? are they cancerous?

A
  • in duodenal bulb

- almost never malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the main risk factors of duodenal ulcers?

A
  1. Cirrhosis of liver

2. Type O blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the triple therapy to treat H. Pylori?

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. H-2 blocker
  3. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Patients with what blood type and descent are at a high risk for gastric cancer?

A
  • Blood type A

- asian descent

27
Q

90% of gastric cancers are?

A

adenocarcinomas

28
Q

What are the 2 functions of the small intestine?

A

Digestion

Absorption

29
Q

This is a malabsorption disease; found in 1% of population, induced by gluten intake; villi become flattened; found early or after 20 yo

A

Celiac Disease

30
Q

If a patient has a celiac crisis, what is the treatment?

A

corticosteroids to aid in the inflammation

31
Q

The lack of lactase enzyme leads to inability to break down lactose in dairy products.

A

Lactose deficiency

32
Q

This is known as the post-surgery lack of stomach space, reduced pancreatic output, stasis, rapid transmit time leads to malabsorption

A

Postgastrectomy malabsorption

33
Q

Pancreatic enzyme deficiency which leads to malabsorption

A

cystic fibrosis

34
Q

This is a common disease in western society, not enough fiber in diet, spasm of musculature and increase in pressure causes mucosal outpouchings

A

Diverticular disease

35
Q

Small pounches in diverticular disease?

A

Diverticula

36
Q

Outpouching/herneation of mucosa through muscle layers of the colonic wall

A

Diverticulosis - asymptomatic

37
Q

Inflammation of diverticula

A

Diverticulitis

38
Q

What’s the most common site for involvement of diverticular disease?

A

sigmoid colon (90%)

39
Q

What is the treatment for diverticular disease?

A

High fiber diet

40
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease consist of what 2 diseases?

A
  1. Chron’s disease

2. Ulcerative colitis

41
Q

What leukocyte antigen is associated with IBD?

A

HLA-B27

42
Q

What ocular manifestations are first seen in IBD?

A

Nongranulomatous Anterior Uveitis

43
Q

This disease affects all layers of bowel (small intestine, 40%); skip lesions are classic findings (cobblestone); affects more young adult females

A

Chron’s disease

44
Q

This is a recurrent granulomatous inflammatory response with sharply demarcated lesions surround by normal bowels.

A

Chron’s disease

45
Q

This disease is more common than Chron’s; begins at 30; always causes colon cancer; originates in rectum

A

Ulcerative colitis

46
Q

Bloody,mucus filled diarrhea often with rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, fatigue anorexia = hallmark of this disease?

A

Ulcerative colitis

47
Q

This causes dilation of colon and systemic toxicity

A

Toxic megacolon

48
Q

This is abdominal pain relieved by defecation; alternating diarrhea w/ constipation; no known cause

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

49
Q

T/F: Polyps + Tubular adenomas are common; most are benign. Villous adenoma is more likely to be malignant

A

True

50
Q

This disease causes entire colon to be filled with polyps, its genetic via chromosome 5; pt will get cancer by 40 yo

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

51
Q

This is the 3rd most common cause of cancer death in the US. What’s the most common malignancy?

A

Colorectal cancer

- adenocarcinoma is most common malignancy

52
Q

Acute pancreatitis is mostly related to what 2 things?

A
  1. binary tract disease (passed gallstone)

2. heavy alcohol intake

53
Q

What’s the most common type of hepatitis in the US? How is it spread? is there a vaccine?

A

Hepatitis A

  • spread among children in daycare
  • yes vaccine
54
Q

Hepatitis B disease can cause what 2 diseases?

A
  1. Acute fulminant hepatitis

2. chronic hepatitis

55
Q

Hepatitis B is found mainly in who?

A

IV drug users (there’s a vaccine)

56
Q

Hepatitis C is mostly caused from IV drug use. Is there a vaccine available?

A

no

57
Q

In chronic persistent hepatitis, most patients recover. What about chronic active hepatitis?

A

Death in 5 years - mostly found in hep C patients

58
Q

This is the liver’s inability to eliminate copper. What ocular findings are present ?

A
  1. Wilson’s disease

2. Kayser-Fleischer rings

59
Q

These are the risk factors for what disease? Female, fertile, obesity, rapid weight loss, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, NSAIDS

A

Cholelithiaisis (gallstones)

60
Q

What are gallstones composed of?

A

Bile salts and cholesterol

61
Q

This is when a cystic duct is blocked by stone, inflammation develops behind stone; associated with gallstones 90% of the time

A

Cholecystitis

62
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Fecal oral route

63
Q

How is hepatitis B/C transferred?

A

Mainly by blood and body fluids

Clinical Medicine 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions