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Pulmonary System > Pulmonary III: Pulmonary Vasculature Physiology/Pathology > Flashcards

Pulmonary III: Pulmonary Vasculature Physiology/Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary circulation is _______ resistance, _______ pressure, and _______ compliance.

A

low; low; high

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2
Q

Causes of decreased DLCO (4)

A

Emphysema, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Interstitial lung disease, Anemia

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3
Q

Causes of increased DLCO (4)

A

Polycythemia, Early CHF, asthma, alveolar hemorrhage

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4
Q

Causes of low V/Q and shunt (3)

A

congenital heart abnormalities, pulmonary disorders, pathologies resulting in transudate or exudate in the alveoli

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5
Q

Classic CXR findings in PE

A

Hampton’s Hump, Westermark’s Sign

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6
Q

Classic EKG findings in PE

A

S1 Q3 T3

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7
Q

Factors contributing to DLCO (3)

A

Surface Area, Membrane thickness, Hgb

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8
Q

In ___-capillary PH, the PCWP is

A

pre

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9
Q

Name the type: PH 1

A

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

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10
Q

Name the type: PH 2

A

PH due to left heart disease

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11
Q

Name the type: PH 3

A

PH due to lung disease/hypoxia

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12
Q

Name the type: PH 4

A

Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

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13
Q

Name the type: PH 5

A

PH with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms

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14
Q

Treatment for PE

A

Anticoagulation; consider thrombolytics, IVC filter, or thrombectomy

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15
Q

Treatment of PAH

A

Treat underlying cause, correct hypoxia, pulmonary vasodilators, consider antigcoagulation, lung transplantation

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16
Q

West Zone __: blood flow occurs during the entire cycle

A

3

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17
Q

West Zone __: flow through the vessels only occurs during systole

A

2

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18
Q

West Zone __: PA>Pa such that pulmonary vasculature is compressed and there is minimal blood flow

A

1

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19
Q

What disease pattern? Decreased FEV1/FVC

A

Obstructive

20
Q

What disease pattern? Decreased FRC

A

Restrictive

21
Q

What disease pattern? Expiratory-Inspiratory flow volume loop is shifted to the left

A

Obstructive

22
Q

What disease pattern? Expiratory-Inspiratory flow-volume loop is shifted to the right

A

Restrictive

23
Q

What disease pattern? Flatter compliance curve

A

Restrictive

24
Q

What disease pattern? Increased FRC

A

Obstructive

25
Q

What disease pattern? Normal/Slightly increased FEV1/FVC

A

Restrictive

26
Q

What disease pattern? Steeper compliance curve

A

Obstructive

27
Q

What exam finding? Bronchovesiclar and bronchial breath sounds in abnormal regions of the lung suggest ______.

A

replacement of air-filled space with solid tissue or fluid

28
Q

What exam finding? Caused by airways obstructed with mucus or secretions; continuous rumbling or snoring sounds

A

rhonchi

29
Q

What exam finding? Caused by disruptive air flow in the airways; discontinuous , more frequently during inspiration

A

Crackles/rales

30
Q

What exam finding? Continuous high pitched muscial sound during expiration caused by high airflow through a normal airway

A

Wheezes

31
Q

What exam finding? Egophony is caused by _______.

A

compressed or fluid filled areas

32
Q

What exam finding? Musical inspiratory sounds caused by central airway obstruction within the thorax, loudest over the trachea

A

Stridor

33
Q

What exam finding? Pneumothorax, large air-filled bulla, and emphysema will result in _____ upon percussion

A

hyper-resonance

34
Q

What exam finding? Tactile fremitus is _______ in conditions that have excess air in the lungs, fluid in the pleural space or obstructed bronchus

A

decreased

35
Q

What exam finding? Tactile is _____ in lung consolidation with water, pus, or blood.

A

increased

36
Q

What exam finding? The trachea is pulled toward in conditions of ________.

A

atelectasis, scarring/fibrosis

37
Q

What exam finding? The trachea is pushed away in conditions of _______.

A

large pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax

38
Q

What exam finding? Water or other fluid in the lung will result in ____ upon percussion

A

dullness

39
Q

What obstruction? flattening of both expiratory and inspiratory curves

A

Fixed

40
Q

What obstruction? flattening of expiratory loop

A

Variable intrathoracic

41
Q

What obstruction? Flattening of the inspiratory loop

A

Variable extrathoracic

42
Q

Which type of pulmonary edema? Commonly caused by pneumonia or ARDS

A

Non-cardiogenic

43
Q

Which type of pulmonary edema? Left atrial pressure is elevated

A

Cardiogenic/Hydrostatic

44
Q

Which type of pulmonary edema? Most commonly caused by heart failure

A

Cardiogenic/Hydrostatic

45
Q

Which type of pulmonary edema? Most commonly caused by injury to microvascular endothelium that increases efflux of plasma proteins and fluid

A

Non-cardiogenic

46
Q

Which type of pulmonary edema? Presents more slowly

A

Non-cardiogenic

47
Q

Which type of pulmonary edema? Responds to diuretic treatment

A

Cardiogenic/Hydrostatic

Pulmonary System (6 decks)

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