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Pulmonary System > Pulmonary I: Physiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary I: Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

______ compliance is associated with difficulty with expiration

A

High

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2
Q

______ transpulmonary pressure can collapse the airways

A

Negative

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3
Q

_______ compliance is associated with difficulty with inspiration

A

Low

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4
Q

_______ resistance work results in _______ frequency breathing with higher tidal volumes

A

increased; lower

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5
Q

_______ resistance work results in lower frequency breathing with _______ tidal volumes

A

increased; higher

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6
Q

________ elastic work results in _______ frequency breathing with lower tidal volumes

A

increased; higher

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7
Q

________ elastic work results in higher frequency breathing with _______ tidal volumes

A

increased; lower

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8
Q

Accessory Expiratory Muscles

A

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

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9
Q

Accessory Inspiratory Muscles

A

Scalenes, SCM

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10
Q

Airway resistance is decreased by ______ lung volumes, _____ bronchial smooth muscle tone, and _____ mucus

A

increased; decreased; low

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11
Q

CaO2 =

A

SaO21.39[Hgb] + PaO2*0.0013

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12
Q

Causes of hyperventilation (3)

A

Acute hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, CNS stimulation

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13
Q

Causes of hypoventilation (4)

A

Obstructive disease, Restrictive disease, metabolic alkalosis, CNS depression

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14
Q

Causes of Hypoxemia

A

Shunt, V/Q mismatch, diffusion limitations, hypoventilation, low ambient O2

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15
Q

Causes of Hypoxemia with normal A-a gradient

A

Low ambient O2, hypoventilation

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16
Q

Causes of hypozemia with abnormal A-a gradient

A

Diffusion limitations, V/Q mismatch, Shunt

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17
Q

CO poisoning presents with _____ PO2 and _____SaO2

A

normal; decreased

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18
Q

Defense mechanisms of conductive system (2)

A

Mucus, MALT

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19
Q

Diffusion Capacity =

A

A/d*k

20
Q

Increased elastic work results in ______ frequency breathing with _____ tidal volumes

A

higher; lower

21
Q

Increased resistance work results in ______ frequency breathing with ______ tidal volumes

A

lower; higher

22
Q

Key Event in Alveolar Stage of Lung Development

A

Gas exchange surface and capillary system maturation

23
Q

Key Event in Canalicular Stage of Lung Development

A

Beginning of surfactant production and fetal breathing; differentiation of epithelium

24
Q

Key Event in Embryonic Stage of Lung Development

A

Establishment of Lung Lobes

25
Q

Key Event in Pseudoglandular Stage of Lung Development

A

Complete formation of conducting airways

26
Q

Key Event in Saccular Stage of Lung Development

A

Terminal sac formation; pneumocytes differentiated

27
Q

Name the airway level: C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

A

Trachea

28
Q

Name the airway level: cartilage plates of hyaline cartilage arranged around the airway

A

Bronchi

29
Q

Name the airway level: contains club cells

A

bronchioles

30
Q

Name the airway level: each supply a bronchopulmonary segment

A

segmental bronchus

31
Q

Name the airway level: has its own blood supply

A

bronchopulmonary segment

32
Q

Name the airway level: have no cartilage or glands

A

bronchioles

33
Q

Name the cells of the trachea and bronchi

A

Epithelial cells, goblet cells, basal cells, neuroendocrine cells

34
Q

Name the epithelium of the trachea and bronchi

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

35
Q

Normal Inspiratory Muscles

A

Diaphragm, External intercostals

36
Q

Reynold’s Number Re =

A

2rvd/n

37
Q

Timeline: Alveolar Stage of Lung Development

A

36 weeks to 4-6 years of life

38
Q

Timeline: Canalicular Stage of Lung Development

A

16 to 28 weeks

39
Q

Timeline: Embryonic Stage of Lung Development

A

26 days to 6 weeks

40
Q

Timeline: Pseudoglandular Stage of Lung Development

A

6 weeks to 16 weeks

41
Q

Ways in which CO2 is carried in blood

A

Dissolved, Bicarbonate, Carbamino compounds

42
Q

What pathology? Defect in chloride transporter, more viscous secretions, chronic infections and respiratory failure

A

Cystic Fibrosis

43
Q

What pathology? Defect in dynein arms resulting in immotile cilia, chronic respiratory congestion and infections

A

Kartagener’s Syndrome

44
Q

Which lung measurement? Air remaining in lungs at the end of a normal respiration (~2.5L)

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

45
Q

Which lung measurement? Air remaining in lungs following maximal expiration (~1.5L)

A

Residual Volume

46
Q

Which lung measurement? volume of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration followed by maximal expiration (~6L)

A

Vital Capacity

47
Q

Which lung measurement? volume of air inside lungs at the end of maximal inspiration (~7.5L)

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Pulmonary System (6 decks)

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