Pulmonary II: Physiology Flashcards
_____ chemoreceptors exert the dominant effect on respiration
Carotid
______ chemocrecptors require a longer time for a response to develop
Central
Anion Gap =
[Na] - ([Cl] + [HCO3])
Aortic chemocreceptor respond to changes in _____
pO2 and pCO2
Blood pH =
6.1 + log([Bicarbonate]/(0.03*PCO2))
Carotid chemoreceptors respond to changes in ____.
pO2, pCO2, pH
Causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis (8)
Methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactate, ethylene glycol, salicylates
Causes of metabolic alkalosis (3)
Antacid/NaHCO3 ingestion, vomiting, contraction alkalosis (hypovolemia)
Causes of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (3)
Renal losses, GI losses, excessive saline administration
Causes of respiratory acidosis (4)
Chronic obstructive diseases, neuromuscular diseases, Central hypoventilation disorders, acute respiratory failure
Causes of respiratory alkalosis (3)
Chronic alveolar hyperventilation, Acute alveolar hyperventilation, chronic salicylate toxicity
Central chemoreceptors bind to ____ in the brain
protons
Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in ____
pCO2
Compensation for metabolic acidosis
Increased ventilation
Compensation for metabolic alkalosis
Small decreases in ventilation
Compensation of respiratory acidosis
Renal conservation of bicarbonate and excretion of ammonium
Compensation of respiratory alkalosis
Renal excretion of bicarbonate
For acute respiratory disturbances, acute change in PaCO2 of _____ causes a pH change of _____
10 torr; .08
For chronic respiratory disturbances, a change in PaCO2 of ___ Torr should lead to compensatory change in [HCO3-] of ___ mEq/L in the same direction
1 torr; 0.4
In metabolic acidosis compensation Expected pCO2 =
1.5[HCO3] + 8 +/- 2
Main respiratory center
Medulla
Normal [HCO3]
24 mM (Sea Level); 22 mM (Denver)
Normal Anion Gap =
12 +/- 2
Normal PCO2
40 mmHg (Sea Level); 36 mmHg (Denver)
Normal pH
7.4
Sole detector of pH in the body
Carotid chemoreceptors
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Bronchitis
Central CO2 receptors
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Climbing a flight of stairs
Peripheral CO2 receptors
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Climbing a mountain
Peripheral O2 receptors
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Ketoacidosis
Peripheral proton receptors
