Pulmonary II: Physiology

Question 1

_____ chemoreceptors exert the dominant effect on respiration

Answer 1

Carotid

Question 2

______ chemocrecptors require a longer time for a response to develop

Answer 2

Central

Question 3

Anion Gap =

Answer 3

[Na] - ([Cl] + [HCO3])

Question 4

Aortic chemocreceptor respond to changes in _____

Answer 4

pO2 and pCO2

Question 5

Blood pH =

Answer 5

6.1 + log([Bicarbonate]/(0.03*PCO2))

Question 6

Carotid chemoreceptors respond to changes in ____.

Answer 6

pO2, pCO2, pH

Question 7

Causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis (8)

Answer 7

Methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactate, ethylene glycol, salicylates

Question 8

Causes of metabolic alkalosis (3)

Answer 8

Antacid/NaHCO3 ingestion, vomiting, contraction alkalosis (hypovolemia)

Question 9

Causes of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (3)

Answer 9

Renal losses, GI losses, excessive saline administration

Question 10

Causes of respiratory acidosis (4)

Answer 10

Chronic obstructive diseases, neuromuscular diseases, Central hypoventilation disorders, acute respiratory failure

Question 11

Causes of respiratory alkalosis (3)

Answer 11

Chronic alveolar hyperventilation, Acute alveolar hyperventilation, chronic salicylate toxicity

Question 12

Central chemoreceptors bind to ____ in the brain

Answer 12

protons

Question 13

Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in ____

Answer 13

pCO2

Question 14

Compensation for metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

Increased ventilation

Question 15

Compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 15

Small decreases in ventilation

Question 16

Compensation of respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

Renal conservation of bicarbonate and excretion of ammonium

Question 17

Compensation of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 17

Renal excretion of bicarbonate

Question 18

For acute respiratory disturbances, acute change in PaCO2 of _____ causes a pH change of _____

Answer 18

10 torr; .08

Question 19

For chronic respiratory disturbances, a change in PaCO2 of ___ Torr should lead to compensatory change in [HCO3-] of ___ mEq/L in the same direction

Answer 19

1 torr; 0.4

Question 20

In metabolic acidosis compensation Expected pCO2 =

Answer 20

1.5[HCO3] + 8 +/- 2

Question 21

Main respiratory center

Answer 21

Medulla

Question 22

Normal [HCO3]

Answer 22

24 mM (Sea Level); 22 mM (Denver)

Question 23

Normal Anion Gap =

Answer 23

12 +/- 2

Question 24

Normal PCO2

Answer 24

40 mmHg (Sea Level); 36 mmHg (Denver)

Question 25

Normal pH

Answer 25

7.4

Question 26

Sole detector of pH in the body

Answer 26

Carotid chemoreceptors

Question 27

Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Bronchitis

Answer 27

Central CO2 receptors

Question 28

Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Climbing a flight of stairs

Answer 28

Peripheral CO2 receptors

Question 29

Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Climbing a mountain

Answer 29

Peripheral O2 receptors

Question 30

Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Ketoacidosis

Answer 30

Peripheral proton receptors