pulmonary function tests- fev1/fvc - CAL, spl

Question 1

what are examples of static measures of the lung

Answer 1

• tidal volume
• residual volume
• expiratory reserve volume
• inspiratory reserve volume
• vital capacity

Question 2

what are examples of dynamic measures of the lung

Answer 2

• fev1 (forced expiratory reserve volume in 1 second)
• forced vital capacity

Question 3

what happens when there are changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, ph in blood

Answer 3

• chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies detect changes in ph, carbon dioxide concentrations and a signal is sent to the respiratory centre of the medulla of the brain
• an electrical impulse is than sent to the respiratory muscles to increase/decrease ventilation and to restore ph levels
• also chemoreceptors in medulla which can detect changes in ph of the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

what two factors determine lung compliance

Answer 4

• elasticity and alveolar surface tension

Question 5

what do pneumotachometers record

Answer 5

• changes in pressure

Question 6

what is FEV1

Answer 6

• amount of air exhaled in 1 second after forced inhalation using maximal expiratory efforts
• represents more than 80% of the exhaled volume in a healthy young adult

Question 7

what does a low FEV1/FVC ratio suggest

Answer 7

• patient might have a restrictive lung disease such as pulmonary fibrosis

Question 8

what can you suggest to someone who is hyperventilating

Answer 8

• breath in and out of a paper bag so you can re breath in the carbon dioxide you breathed out
• there’s risk of having very low carbon dioxide levels when hyperventilating

Question 9

what would you expect in the airflow of someone who is having an asthma attach and their fev1/fvc ratio

Answer 9

• airflow decreases, cannot exhale air due to bronchoconstriction of smooth muscle
• lung volume stays same as air is not leaving
• fev1/fvc would decrease
• each component of fev1 and fvc would decrease but fev1 would decrease more than fvc

Question 10

what is the tidal volume

Answer 10

• inspiration and expiration during normal breathing

Question 11

what is the vital capacity

Answer 11

• the amount of air you can breath out after forced inhalation

Question 12

what is residual volume

Answer 12

• amount of air that remains in your lungs after forced exhalation

Question 13

what is functional residual volume

Answer 13

• lung volume or the amount of air that remains in the lungs after normal exhalation (not forced)

Question 14

what is the expiratory reserve volume

Answer 14

the amount of air exhaled after normal exhalation

Question 15

what is the inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

• amount of air inhaled after normal inhalation

Question 16

what is the expiratory capacity

Answer 16

• amount of air exhaled after normal inhalation

Question 17

what is the inspiratory capacity

Answer 17

• amount of air inhaled after normal exhalation

Question 18

if the fev1/fvc ratio is high what lung disease does it suggest and give some examples

Answer 18

• restrictive lung disease
• pulmonary fibrosis
• pneumothorax
• pulmonary effusion
• respiratory muscle disfunction