acute coronary syndrome Flashcards
1
Q
what is the first line treatment for a patient who has an acute coronary syndrome
A
- aspirin
2
Q
what is acute coronary syndrome
A
- a group of conditions which have a reduced blood flow to heart myocardium
3
Q
what is the difference between stable and unstable angina
A
- stabile angina is when you have reduced blood Flow through coronary arteries due to artehroscelrotic plaque but no repture of plaque, pain onsets during stress, high intensity exercise and relieved at rest
- unstable angina pain onsets even at rest, rupture of artherosclerotic plaque results in partial occlusion (no infarction)
4
Q
how can acute coronary syndrome be divided into
A
- unstable angina
- NSTEMI (rupture of plaque resulting in partial occlusion and myocardial infarction)
- STEMI ( rupture of plaque with full occlusion and myocardial infarction)
5
Q
what is the ISIS 2 trial
A
- a randomised control trial
- which looked at two treatments (streptokinase and aspirin) to treat acute coronary syndrome
6
Q
how can myocardial infarctions be divided and what is type 1
A
- can be divided from type 1 to type 5
- type 1 due to spontaneous rupture of plaque leading to partial or full occlusion resulting in an rupture
7
Q
how can cox inhibitors be used for acute coronary syndrome
A
- cox inhibitors such as aspirin
- prevent platelet aggregation during haemostasis
- prevents formation of platelet plug
8
Q
how can streptokinase be used for acute coronary syndrome
A
- breaks down clots
- activation of plasminogen to plasmin
- plasmin breaks down fibrous soluble clot
9
Q
what is the pneumonic PICO
A
population, intervention, compare, outcome
10
Q
what are precutanous coronary intervention PCI
A
- Ballon angiography
- stent insertion
11
Q
what are the risk factors of ACS
A
- modifiable (diet, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, diet high in carb and fat)
- non modifiable (age, sex, family history)
12
Q
what is clinical presentation of ACS
A
- chest pain
- heart failure
- cardiac arrest
13
Q
A
