Pulmonary facts Flashcards
Treatment of lung abscesses - common in alcoholics
Clindamycin - mixture of aerobic and anaerobic (clinda does anaerobes above the diaphragm)
Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax:
Tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxemia, absence of breath sounds and hyper resonance to percussion
Pulmonary embolism - blood gases
HYPOXEMIA with RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- causes V/Q mismatch —> decrease perfusion —> hypoxemia —> drives hyperventilation
- low PO2, low CO2, bicarb increases after 48H
Where are ciliated cells located?
Trachea to terminal bronchioles (before the respiratory zone)
Where are goblet cells located?
Trachea to end of bronchi
Things that reduce compliance of lungs
- interstitial fluid (pulmonary edema)
- pulmonary fibrosis
- insufficient surfactant
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)
- hypoventilation due to restricted chest wall expansion because of obesity
- get CHRONIC increased PCO2 and decreased PO2
What gives elastin its elastic properties?
Interchain cross-links involving lysine - facilitated by lysyl oxidase
At FRC, the intrapleural pressure is ____ and the airway pressure is ____
-5 cm H20 and 0 cm H20
Nocardia - clinical presentation
Affects lungs, skin and brain
- Pneumonia (pulmonary infections similar to TB)
- Brain abscess
- cutaneous involvement
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is associated with?
Asthma and cystic fibrosis
- develop ALLERGIC hypersensitivity reaction to the fungus
- may cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
Most common type of lung cancer in US
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma in situ
- subtype of adenocarcinoma
- well-differentiated dysplastic columnar cells (with or without intracellular mucin) that line the alveolar septa without vascular or stromal invasion
