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UWorld Facts > Pharmacology UWorld Facts > Flashcards

Pharmacology UWorld Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Sotalol - class

A

Beta-blocker with class 3 antiarrhythmetic properties (K+ channel blocking)

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2
Q

Isotretinoin - class

A

Vitamin A derivative - for treatment of acne

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3
Q

Isotretinoin - contraindications

A

pregnancy - teratogen

NEED TO MAKE SURE NEGATIVE PREGNANCY TEST

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4
Q

Entacapone

A

COMT inhibitor that prevents peripheral methylation of levadopa so it is not degraded and more can be delivered to brain

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5
Q

Drugs that cause drug-induced lupus erythematosus

A

Affects slow acetylators of:
Procainaminde
Hydralazine
Isoniazid

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6
Q

Dobutamine - class

A

Beta-adrengergic agonist (beta1 more than beta2)

  • increases HR and contractility
  • used in acute MI
  • causes increased myocardial oxygen consumption but this is outweighed by increased CO and end-organ perfusion
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7
Q

Raloxifene - Class

A

Estrogen receptor modulator

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8
Q

Raloxifene - Actions

A

Estrogen Agonist in bone - increases bone strength

Estrogen Antagonist in breast - decreases risk of breast cancer

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9
Q

Tamoxifene - Class

A

Estrogen receptor modulator

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10
Q

Raltegravir - Class

A

Integrase inhibitor (HIV drug)

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11
Q

Selegiline - Class

A

MOA, type B inhibitor

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12
Q

Isoproterenol - Class/Action

A

Non-selective beta adrenergic agonist

  • beta 1 —> increases myocardial contractility HR
  • beta 2 —> decreases vascular resistance - vasodilation
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13
Q

what to use in Ganciclovir-resistant CMV

A

foscarnet

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14
Q

Amiodarone - side effects

A

PULMONARY FIBROSIS, photodermatitis, blue/grey skin discoloration, hyper or hypothyroidism

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15
Q

Lidocaine - side effects

A

neurological effects - CNS stimulation or depression

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16
Q

Procainamide - side effects

A

Drug induced lupus

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17
Q

Verapamil - side effects

A

Constipation, gingival hyperplasia

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18
Q

Digoxin/Digitalis - side effects

A

fatigue, blurry vision, changes in color perception, n/v, diarrhea, abdominal pain, confusion and delirium

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19
Q

Adenosine - side effects

A

flushing, chest burning, hypotension, shortness of breath, high grade AV block

20
Q

Canaglifozin, Dapaglifozin - class

A

sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors - diabetic medication: prevents glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule

21
Q

Medical therapy for cholesterol gallstones

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid - Bile acid supplementation - helps dissolve gallstones by increasing cholesterol solubility

22
Q

How to treat methotrexate toxicity

A

give LEUCOVORIN (folinic acid) - reduced form of folic acid so does not require dihydrofolate reductase

23
Q

How to treat opioid intoxication/overdose

A

NALOXONE

  • mu antagonist
  • competes with narcotics and displaces them from receptor
  • reverses analgesia, sedation and respiratory depression
24
Q

Rasburicase - class/MOA

A

Hypouricemic agent - catalyzes conversion of uric acid to allantoin so more soluble

25
Q
  • zosin
A

Alpha-1 blockers

  • doxazosin
  • prazosin
  • terazosin
26
Q

Alpha-1 blockers - clinical use

A

BPH
hypertension
(alpha 1 —> vasoconstriction, hypertension, mydriasis (pupil dilation, close sphincter)

27
Q

Lamotrigine - class/use

A

Anticonvulsant - blocks voltage gated sodium channels

28
Q

Lamotrigine - side effect

A

Steven-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - flu-like symptoms followed by mucocutaneous epidermal necrosis (BAD SKIN RASH)

29
Q

Bradykinin accumulation (from ACE inhibitors) causes . . .

A

cough

vasodilation —> angioedema (swelling)

30
Q

Clozapine - use/side effects

A

use: treatment-resistant schizophrenia (second gen antipsychotic)
side effect: NEUTROPENIA —> AGRANULOCYTOSIS, seizures and myocarditis

31
Q

Excessive cholinergic activation (muscarinic effects) - side effects

A 
D - diarrhea, diaphoresis 
U - urination 
M - miosis
B - bradycardia, bronchospasm, bronchorrea (increased bronchial secretion) 
E - emesis (GI stimulation)
L - lacrimation 
S - salivation
32
Q

Excessive cholinergic activation (nicotinic effects) - side effects

A

Muscle contraction (paralysis)

33
Q

Atropine - class

A

muscarinic antagonist

34
Q

How to treat ARSENIC poisoning (noted by garlic odor breath)?

A

DIMERCAPROL - chelating agent

35
Q

Treatment of Grave’s ophthalmopathy (eye pops out and is tender and red due to inflammation and edema)

A

high dose GLUCOCORTICOIDS (prednisone)

36
Q

Atropine - side effect

A

Closed angle glaucoma

- causes mydriasis (pupil dilation) —> narrowing of anterior chamber angle —> increased intraocular pressures

37
Q

Dofetilide

A

Class 3 anti-arrhythmetic agent

38
Q

Bupropion - class/MOA

A

Atypical antidepressant - increases NE and dopamine

39
Q

Bupropion - side effects

A 
Stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia) , headaches, SEIZURES in anorexic and bulimia patients
- no sexual side effects
40
Q

Treatment of PTSD:

A
  • SSRI first line medication (can augment with antipsychotics if not responsive)
  • trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy
41
Q

AV nodal artery - pathway

A

Right coronary artery —> posterior descending artery —> AV nodal artery - RIGHT DOMINANT
Left coronary artery —> posterior descending arter —> AV nodal artery - LEFT DOMINANT

42
Q

Physical signs of stimulant intoxication

A

Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, diaphoresis and mydriasis, PARANOID IDEATION

43
Q

Characteristics of stimulant (cocaine) withdrawal

A

ACUTE DEPRESSION (“crash”) accompanied by fatigue, vivid dreams, hypersomnia and hyperphagia

44
Q

Abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome)

A
  • SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGES: rupture bridging veins when shake baby
  • RETINAL HEMORRHAGES: due to rupture of congested retinal veins
45
Q

Treatment of Wilson disease

A

D-Penicillamine or trientine - CHELATES COPPER

Oral zinc

46
Q

pathogenesis of huntingtin gene

A

gain-of-function mutation: increases histone deacetylation of genes that make neuotrophic factors —> neuronal death

UWorld Facts (12 decks)

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