Pharmacology UWorld Facts

Question 1

Sotalol - class

Answer 1

Beta-blocker with class 3 antiarrhythmetic properties (K+ channel blocking)

Question 2

Isotretinoin - class

Answer 2

Vitamin A derivative - for treatment of acne

Question 3

Isotretinoin - contraindications

Answer 3

pregnancy - teratogen

NEED TO MAKE SURE NEGATIVE PREGNANCY TEST

Question 4

Entacapone

Answer 4

COMT inhibitor that prevents peripheral methylation of levadopa so it is not degraded and more can be delivered to brain

Question 5

Drugs that cause drug-induced lupus erythematosus

Answer 5

Affects slow acetylators of:
Procainaminde
Hydralazine
Isoniazid

Question 6

Dobutamine - class

Answer 6

Beta-adrengergic agonist (beta1 more than beta2)

• increases HR and contractility
• used in acute MI
• causes increased myocardial oxygen consumption but this is outweighed by increased CO and end-organ perfusion

Question 7

Raloxifene - Class

Answer 7

Estrogen receptor modulator

Question 8

Raloxifene - Actions

Answer 8

Estrogen Agonist in bone - increases bone strength

Estrogen Antagonist in breast - decreases risk of breast cancer

Question 9

Tamoxifene - Class

Answer 9

Estrogen receptor modulator

Question 10

Raltegravir - Class

Answer 10

Integrase inhibitor (HIV drug)

Question 11

Selegiline - Class

Answer 11

MOA, type B inhibitor

Question 12

Isoproterenol - Class/Action

Answer 12

Non-selective beta adrenergic agonist

• beta 1 —> increases myocardial contractility HR
• beta 2 —> decreases vascular resistance - vasodilation

Question 13

what to use in Ganciclovir-resistant CMV

Answer 13

foscarnet

Question 14

Amiodarone - side effects

Answer 14

PULMONARY FIBROSIS, photodermatitis, blue/grey skin discoloration, hyper or hypothyroidism

Question 15

Lidocaine - side effects

Answer 15

neurological effects - CNS stimulation or depression

Question 16

Procainamide - side effects

Answer 16

Drug induced lupus

Question 17

Verapamil - side effects

Answer 17

Constipation, gingival hyperplasia

Question 18

Digoxin/Digitalis - side effects

Answer 18

fatigue, blurry vision, changes in color perception, n/v, diarrhea, abdominal pain, confusion and delirium

Question 19

Adenosine - side effects

Answer 19

flushing, chest burning, hypotension, shortness of breath, high grade AV block

Question 20

Canaglifozin, Dapaglifozin - class

Answer 20

sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors - diabetic medication: prevents glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule

Question 21

Medical therapy for cholesterol gallstones

Answer 21

Ursodeoxycholic acid - Bile acid supplementation - helps dissolve gallstones by increasing cholesterol solubility

Question 22

How to treat methotrexate toxicity

Answer 22

give LEUCOVORIN (folinic acid) - reduced form of folic acid so does not require dihydrofolate reductase

Question 23

How to treat opioid intoxication/overdose

Answer 23

NALOXONE

• mu antagonist
• competes with narcotics and displaces them from receptor
• reverses analgesia, sedation and respiratory depression

Question 24

Rasburicase - class/MOA

Answer 24

Hypouricemic agent - catalyzes conversion of uric acid to allantoin so more soluble

Question 25

- zosin

Answer 25

Alpha-1 blockers - doxazosin - prazosin - terazosin

Question 26

Alpha-1 blockers - clinical use

Answer 26

BPH hypertension (alpha 1 —> vasoconstriction, hypertension, mydriasis (pupil dilation, close sphincter)

Question 27

Lamotrigine - class/use

Answer 27

Anticonvulsant - blocks voltage gated sodium channels

Question 28

Lamotrigine - side effect

Answer 28

Steven-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - flu-like symptoms followed by mucocutaneous epidermal necrosis (BAD SKIN RASH)

Question 29

Bradykinin accumulation (from ACE inhibitors) causes . . .

Answer 29

cough | vasodilation —> angioedema (swelling)

Question 30

Clozapine - use/side effects

Answer 30

use: treatment-resistant schizophrenia (second gen antipsychotic) side effect: NEUTROPENIA —> AGRANULOCYTOSIS, seizures and myocarditis

Question 31

Excessive cholinergic activation (muscarinic effects) - side effects

Answer 31

``` D - diarrhea, diaphoresis U - urination M - miosis B - bradycardia, bronchospasm, bronchorrea (increased bronchial secretion) E - emesis (GI stimulation) L - lacrimation S - salivation ```

Question 32

Excessive cholinergic activation (nicotinic effects) - side effects

Answer 32

Muscle contraction (paralysis)

Question 33

Atropine - class

Answer 33

muscarinic antagonist

Question 34

How to treat ARSENIC poisoning (noted by garlic odor breath)?

Answer 34

DIMERCAPROL - chelating agent

Question 35

Treatment of Grave's ophthalmopathy (eye pops out and is tender and red due to inflammation and edema)

Answer 35

high dose GLUCOCORTICOIDS (prednisone)

Question 36

Atropine - side effect

Answer 36

Closed angle glaucoma | - causes mydriasis (pupil dilation) —> narrowing of anterior chamber angle —> increased intraocular pressures

Question 37

Dofetilide

Answer 37

Class 3 anti-arrhythmetic agent

Question 38

Bupropion - class/MOA

Answer 38

Atypical antidepressant - increases NE and dopamine

Question 39

Bupropion - side effects

Answer 39

``` Stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia) , headaches, SEIZURES in anorexic and bulimia patients - no sexual side effects ```

Question 40

Treatment of PTSD:

Answer 40

- SSRI first line medication (can augment with antipsychotics if not responsive) - trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy

Question 41

AV nodal artery - pathway

Answer 41

Right coronary artery —> posterior descending artery —> AV nodal artery - RIGHT DOMINANT Left coronary artery —> posterior descending arter —> AV nodal artery - LEFT DOMINANT

Question 42

Physical signs of stimulant intoxication

Answer 42

Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, diaphoresis and mydriasis, PARANOID IDEATION

Question 43

Characteristics of stimulant (cocaine) withdrawal

Answer 43

ACUTE DEPRESSION ("crash") accompanied by fatigue, vivid dreams, hypersomnia and hyperphagia

Question 44

Abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome)

Answer 44

- SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGES: rupture bridging veins when shake baby - RETINAL HEMORRHAGES: due to rupture of congested retinal veins

Question 45

Treatment of Wilson disease

Answer 45

D-Penicillamine or trientine - CHELATES COPPER | Oral zinc

Question 46

pathogenesis of huntingtin gene

Answer 46

gain-of-function mutation: increases histone deacetylation of genes that make neuotrophic factors —> neuronal death