Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

UWorld Facts > Microbiology UWorld Facts 1 > Flashcards

Microbiology UWorld Facts 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine is composed of . . .

A

polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mucormycosis

A

opportunistic infection caused by Rhizopus, Mucor, Absidia species
classic picture: paranasal sinus involvement in a diabetic or immunosuppressed person
fungi: non-septate hyphae at 90 degree angles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ID50 for shigella species

A

S. dysenteriae - 10
S. flexneri - 100
S. sonnei - 500
Bottom line: very few needed to infect person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - description

A

budding yeast with thick capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Candida albicans - description

A

budding yeast with pseudohyphae

positive germ tube test - inoculation in serum, form true hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enterococcus - growth conditions

A

grows in HYPERTONIC SALINE and BILE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most common eye-related complication of congenital CMV infection

A

chorioretinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Screening test for syphillis - RPR

A

rapid plasma reagin test - patient serum mixed with solution of cadriolipin, cholesterol and lecithin - flocculation is positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of candida vaginitis

A
  1. Antibiotic use - MOST COMMON - decreases gram + lactobacilli bacteria in vagina
  2. high estrogen levels
  3. systemic corticosteroid therapy
  4. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  5. immunosuppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary actinomycosis

A

commonly develops following aspiration

microscopic findings: filamentous, branching, gram + bacteria and sulfur granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viridans Strep - virulence

A

produces dextrans - colonizes dental enamel and heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Red on MUCICARMINE staining

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 most common CATALASE POSITIVE organisms (CGD)

A 
S. aureas
Serratia
Nocardia
Aspergillus
Burkholderia cepacia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Saline microscopy (WET MOUNT) - motile trichomonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C. diphtheriae - culture

A

cysteine-tellurite agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum - geography

A

Mississippi and Ohio River basin - central US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vibrio cholerae - description

A

comma-shaped
oxidase positive
gram-negative bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infectious cause of achalasia

A

Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) - produces neurotoxin that destroys the myenteric plexus - parasympathetic denervation of smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis follows . . .

A

streptococcal skin infections (impetigo) OR strep throat

ARF only follows after strep throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hep A transmission

A

FECAL-ORAL - contaminated water or food

raw or steamed SHELLFISH is common cause in US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

HSV-1 - clinical findings

A

gingivostomatitis - vesicular lesions on lips and hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Herpes viruses - structure

A

double-stranded, DNA viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cryptococcal neoformans - treatment

A

Amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by long term fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Congenital Rubella syndrome triad

A

congenital cataracts (white pupils)
sensory neural deafness
patent ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Shiga toxin (Shiga-like toxin in EHEC) - MOA
inactivates ribosomal subunits - prevents protein synthesis —> leads to intestinal epithelial cell death and diarrhea (bloody)
26
stool findings in watery diarrhea
mucous and sloughed epithelial cells | NOT inflammatory - WILL NOT SEE RED BLOOD CELLS OR LEUKOCYTES
27
Parovirus - structure
non-enveloped, single stranded DNA virus
28
PYR (pyrroidonyl arylamidase) positive organisms
GAS - strep pyogenes | Enterococci
29
Diphtheria vaccine targets:
B subunit of AB exotoxin - induces circulating IgG against B subunit
30
Most important virulence factor of E. coli causing UTIs
P. fimbriae - allows adhesion to uroepithelium
31
Most important virulence factor E. coli strains causing neonatal meningitis
K1 capsular polysaccharide
32
Hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomonas | pruritic, papulopustular rash
33
Rabies - animal of transmission
Bats
34
Risk factors for candidemia
central vascular catheter | parenteral nutrition
35
Listeria - description
gram + rod narrow zone of Beta-hemolysis motile at 22 degrees can grow in cold conditions (4 degree fridge)
36
How to eliminate listeria from body?
Cell mediated immunity
37
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Enterovirus
38
intraerythrocytic organisms
Plasmodium - Anopheles mosquito - Malaria | Babesia - Ixodes tick (same as in lyme disease) - Babesiosis
39
Human herpes virus 6 - Roseola infantum - clinical presentation
high fever for 3-5 days, RASH AFTER FEVER - erythematous maculopapular rash that starts at TRUNK and spreads to face and extremities
40
Hepatitis E - structure
non-enveloped single stranded RNA virus
41
Hepatitis E - most concerning feature
high mortality rate observed in PREGNANT women
42
Scabies - rash description
- pruritic rash worse at night - excoriations with small, crusted red papules scattered around affected areas - affects FLEXOR SURFACES of wrists, elbows, axillary folds, fingers and finger webs
43
Neiserria Meningitidis - transmission
Respiratory droplets or direct contact with respiratory secretions
44
How does chronic Hep B infection help Hep D infection?
Hep D is COATED BY HEP B SURFACE ANTIGEN before it can penetrate hepatocytes
45
CMV in HIV - clinical signs
Esophageal ulcers | Retinitis
46
Campylobacter jejuni - transmission
ORAL-FECAL | - can be acquired from domestic animals or contaminated food
47
Parvovirus B19 - clinical presentation
febrile upper respiratory illness followed by sudden RED-FLUSHED CHEEKS 2-5 days later (erythema infectiosum)
48
Drugs for Pseudomonas
``` Piperacillin CefTAZidine - 3rd gen cephalosporin Cefepime - 4th gen cephalosporin aminoglycosides cephalosporins - CIPRO and LEVO Carbapenems - IMIPENEM and MEROPENEM ```
49
Fidamoxicin - use
Recurrent C. diff colitis
50
Togavirus
Rubella
51
Rubella - rash
Begin at head and move down - associated with post-auricular lymphadenopathy
52
How to prevent recurrences of HSV-2 (genital herpes)
DAILY treatment of oral valacyclovir, acyclovir, or famciclovir
53
Maternal Rubella infection - clinical presentation
fever, maculopapular rash - starts from head, then moves down, post auricular lymphadenopathy, POLYARTHRITIS, POLYARTHRALGIAS
54
HSV-1 encephalitis - brain findings
NECROSIS OF TEMPORAL LOBES
55
HIV pol gene mutations confer resistance too which kinds of HAART drugs?
HIV RT inhibitors and protease inhibitors
56
Salmonella - Vi antigen
prevents phagocytosis and opsonization - EXOTOXIN
57
route of travel in body by tetanus toxin
wound —> motor neuron axons —> spinal cord
58
Pulmonary anthrax - question stem clue
"wool sorter's disease" - from sheep or goat skin - FARM | exposure to handling animal products: animal hair, infected animal hides, hide based clothing products, or WOOL
59
B. anthracis anti-phagocytic capsule is made out of:
polypeptide capsule made from D-glutamate (instead of polysaccharide capsule) - only one
60
C. perfringens toxin
lecithinase (phospholipase C or alpha toxin) - catalyzes the splitting of phospholipid molecules
61
How does Mycoplasma infection cause anemia?
Mycoplasma shares antigens with human erythrocytes - elevated levels of IgM "cold agglutinins" cross-react with RBCs causing complement mediated intravascular hemolytic anemia
62
What to use for diagnosis of osteomyelitis?
MRI - for acute infection and to show anatomical involvement
63
Infections that can be acquired during birth
- HSV - Chlamydia - N. gonorrhea - Group B strep
64
Congenital toxoplasmosis - clinical presentation (TRIAD)
- hydrocephalus - intracranial calcifications - chorioretinitis
65
HPV in males causes what kind of cancer?
Anal squamous cell carcinoma
66
HPV in females causes what kind of cancer?
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma
67
Shigella - pathogenic mechanism
MUCOSAL INVASION - INVADES M CELLS of Peyer's patch —> lyses containment vacuole —> gets into cytoplasm —> induce apoptosis of host cell —> spreads to other cells through HOST CELL ACTIN POLYMERIZATION
68
C. diphtheriae - description
- Gram positive rods in CLUMPS | - has polar granules that stain deeply with aniline dyes
69
C. diphtheriae - passive immunization
Anti-toxin
70
C. diphtheriae - active immunization
DTaP vaccine
71
C. diphtheriae - antibiotic treatment
Penicillin or Erythromycin
72
Malignant otitis externa
bug: Pseudomonas people: diabetic patients clinal presentation: exquisite ear pain and drainage, GRANULATION TISSUE in ear canal
73
Herpes viruses - structure
ENVELOPED double-stranded DNA virus

UWorld Facts (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions