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Critical Care Test 1 > pulmonary disorders (S.G) > Flashcards

pulmonary disorders (S.G) Flashcards

1
Q

what does a high spinal cord injury affect in the respiratory system?

A

The phrenic nerve which controls diaphragm breathing

- will need to be on a ventilator

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2
Q

how much does diaphragm help you breath?

A

diaphragm breathing accounts for 80% of breathing

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3
Q

Define compliance

A

lungs ability to expand and inflate (more compliant=easier to breath)

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4
Q

Dz with DECREASED compliance

A

ARDS: stiff lung with 02 support

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5
Q

Dz with INCREASED compliance

A

COPD: easy to bring in air but hard to get rid of it

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6
Q

Negative Intrapleural Pressure

A

keeps lungs inflated

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7
Q

What happens if there is an increase in pressure in the pleural space?

A

pneumothroax

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8
Q

total lung volume

A

5500-6000cc

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9
Q

Tidal volume

A

amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath

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10
Q

Normal tidal volume

-if compromised?

A

500-800 ml or 6-10 ml/kg

4-8 ml/kg

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11
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

the amount of air left in the lungs AFTER a normal exhalation

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12
Q

FRC equation

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

3-5 cm (PEEP opens airway)

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13
Q

conducting airways

A

No gas exchange. just a PASSAGEWAY
-prevents foreign material from passing
“dead space”

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14
Q

Type 1 epithelial cells

A

GAS EXCHANGE

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15
Q

Type 2 epithelial cells

A

produces SURFACTANT

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16
Q

role of surfactant

A

decreases surface tension of alveoli and eases work of breathing

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17
Q

Low ventilation & High Perfusion

A

LOW V/Q ratio

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18
Q

Low ventilation & High Perfusion causes

A

“clogged up”

pneumonia, mucus plug

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19
Q

High ventilation & Low perfusion

A

HIGH V/Q ratio

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20
Q

High ventilation & Low perfusion causes

A

cardiogenic shock, MI

-pump not working, no perfusion but still breathing

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21
Q

Oxyhemoglobin curve

A

relationship between dissolved O2 (PaO2) and hgb bound O2 (SaO2)

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22
Q

Critical zone

A

PaO2

23
Q

Shift to the LEFT

A

GOOD

24
Q

Shift to the LEFT patho

A

high O2 sats, increased hgb affinity for O2

-tissues dont need as much d/t low energy use

25
Q

Shift to the LEFT 3 s/s

A
  • hypothermia
  • alkalosis
  • low PaCO2
26
Q

Shift to the RIGHT

A

BAD

27
Q

Shift to the RIGHT patho

A

low O2 sats, low hgb affinity for O2

  • need O2!! excessive energy use
  • lose too much O2 too quickly
28
Q

Shift to the RIGHT 3 s/s

A
  • hyperthermia
  • acidosis
  • high PaCO2
29
Q

Hypoxemia: PaO2 normal values

A

80-100 if

30
Q

PaO2 values if older than 60

A 
-Age-60= x
80-x= new PaO2 value
31
Q

compensatory mechanisms for hypoxemia

A
  • polycythemia

- increased C.O

32
Q

Is hypoxemia ok for COPD patients

A

hypoxemia is their stimulus to breathe.

Hyperoxygenation will cause a loss of respiratory drive

33
Q

Oxygen toxicity S/S

A

dyspnea, SOB , chest pain, dry cough

34
Q

early sign on oxygen toxicity

A

substernal chest pain with deep breaths

35
Q

cause of oxygen toxicity

A

breathing O2 >50% for more than 24 hours

36
Q

what to put patients on if FiO2 >50%

A

PEEP

37
Q

converting L of air to FiO2

A

(4 x # L of air) +20

ex) 5 L of air
(4 x 5) + 20= 40 % FiO2

38
Q

room air FiO2 %

A

21%

39
Q

normal values:

  • pH
  • paCO2
  • HCO3
A

-7.35-7.45
35-45
22-26

40
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

DECREASED CO2

41
Q

Respiratory alkalosis causes

A

anxiety
pregnancy
hyperventilation
-anything that causes you to INCR. excretionof CO2

42
Q

Respiratory alkalosis txt

A

give sedative
breath in paper bag
decrease anxiety
decrease tidal volume rate

43
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

INCREASED CO2

44
Q

Respiratory acidosis causes

A

COPD
pneumonia
anything that decreases your bodies ability to excrete CO2

45
Q

Respiratory acidosis txt

A

Bronchodilators
mucolytics
suction
increase tidal volume rate

46
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

INCREASED HCO3

47
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis causes

A

vomiting

NG suction

48
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis tx

A

replace electrolytes

GIVE DIAMOX

49
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

DECREASED HCO3

50
Q

Metabolic Acidosis causes

A

diarrhea

DKA - kidneys not working

51
Q

Metabolic Acidosis tx

A

Insuline
Bicarb
Dialysis for renal failure

52
Q

if it exists your body by going DOWN (diarrhea)

A

pH goes DOWN- ACIDOSIS

53
Q

if it exits your body by going UP (vomit)

A

pH goes UP- ALKALOSIS

Critical Care Test 1 (13 decks)

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