Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Critical Care Test 1 > Electrophysiology Lecture > Flashcards

Electrophysiology Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac output

A

volume of blood ejected in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stroke volume

A

mL of blood ejected with each beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CO equation

A

CO= HR x SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal CO

A

4-6 L/ min at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cardiac index

A

individualized CO based on body size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiac index equation

A

CI= CO/BSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Preload

A

volume of blood in left ventricle at end of diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Preload: what is the term for the pressure created

A

Left ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What measures LVEDP

A

PA catheter: wedge pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Afterload

A

ventricular tension during systolic ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

another term for afterload

A

SVR-systemic vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does an increased afterload affect the heart

A

increases the workload of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what factors increase afterload?

A

factors that oppose ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contractility and Inotropy

A

the heart’s contractile force

-strength of the contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood?

A

PULMONARY ARTERY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

A

normal (intrinsic) pacemaker of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SA node rate

A

60-100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

1st backup pacemaker “gatekeeper”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AV node rate

A

40-60 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

AV node:

-why is there a slight delay in conduction

A

allows time for both atria to contract and ventricles to fill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

perkinje fibers

A

2nd backup pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

perkinje fibers rate

A

15-40 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Perkinje fibers: what does the e-impulse cause?

A

the left and right ventricles to conrtact simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Buchman’s bundle:

  • location
  • function
A

located in the intra-atrial septum

-cause atria to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Layers of the heart:

Endocardium

A

inner lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Layers of the heart:

Myocardium

A

heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Layers of the heart:

Epicardium

A

outer surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Depolarization: contract or relax?

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Repolarization: contract or relax?

A

Relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What part of a heart muscle is unique?

A

Intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

6 properties of cardiac cell:

1) rhythmicity

A

atomicity generated at a regular rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

6 properties of cardiac cell:

2) excitability

A

ability of a cell to depolarize in response to a given stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

6 properties of cardiac cell:

3) conductivity

A

ability of a cell to transmit a stimulus from cell to cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

6 properties of cardiac cell:

4) Automaticity

A

ability of a cell to spontaneously depolarize

“pacemaker” ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

6 properties of cardiac cell:

5) contractility

A

ability of cardiac myofibrils to shorten in length in response to a electrical signal (help from intercalated discs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

6 properties of cardiac cell:

6) refactoriness

A

degree to which the heart’s cells are able to respond to electrical stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Absolute refactory period

A

after a cell depolarizes, it CANNOT respond to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Relative refractory period

A

occurs after cells have had time to repolarize. CAN respond to a stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Action potential

A

depiction of depolarization and repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Action potential:

PHASE 0

A

DEPOLARIZATION

  • FAST Na+ channels OPEN
  • Na+ rushes in cell
  • charge +20-+30
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Action potential:

PHASE 1

A

Fast Na+ channels CLOSE

-charge = 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Action potential:

PHASE 2

A

PLATEAU

  • SLOW Na+ and Ca+ channels OPEN
  • K+ flows out
  • Ca+ causes CONTRACTION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Action potential:

PHASE 3

A

REPOLARIZATION

  • Slow Na+ and Ca+ channels CLOSE
  • K+ continues to move out
  • re-establishes the RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
44
Q

Action potential:

PHASE 4

A

AP returns to resting membrane potential

  • Na/K+ pump re-established
  • charge -80 to -90
45
Q

Atrial Systole

A
  • passive filling of atria and ventricles ends

- DEPOLARIZATION contracts atria

46
Q

Atrial Systole:

“atrial kick”

A

-completes ventricular filling

47
Q

Isovolumic Contraction

A

Depolarization travels to the ventricles

  • muscles tense but volume doesn’t change
  • Rapid rise in Ventricular pressure
48
Q

Ventricular Systole

A

Ventricular ejection

  • pulmonary and aortic valves open
  • STROKE VOLUME
49
Q

Isovolumic Relaxation

A

Semilunar valves CLOSE

  • Pressure falls
  • volume doesnt change
50
Q

Ventricular Diastole

A

AV valves OPEN
passive ventricular filling
*Cycle ready to begin again

51
Q

Heart Rate:

what system determines the rate

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

52
Q

Parasympathetic NS:

  • what nerve
  • location
  • how does it affect the heart
A
  • Vagus nerve
  • SA/AV nodes
  • SLOWS HR
53
Q

Sympathetic NS:

  • location
  • how does it affect the heart
A
  • coronary arteries

- INCREASES HR and CONTRACTILITY

54
Q

Other regulations of HR: FEEDBACKS

1) Baroreceptors
- location
- stimulus
- what does it send stimuli to

A
  • aortic arch and carotid sinus
  • sense change in stretching
  • stimulate the ANS
55
Q

Example of Baroreceptor med

A

Milurone

56
Q

Other regulations of HR: FEEDBACKS

2) Chemoreceptors
- location
- stimulus

A
  • carotid arteries and aortic arch

- sense changes in O2 and CO2 pressures

57
Q

Other regulations of HR: FEEDBACKS

3) Right Atrial Receptors
- stimulis

A

reflex tachycardia

58
Q

Other regulations of HR: FEEDBACKS

4) Naturetic Peptides
- stimulus
- reaction

A
  • secretion results from myocardial stretch

- Vasodilation and inhibits the SNS and RAAS

59
Q

Naturetic Peptides Types

1) Atrial myocardium
2) Ventricular myocardium

A

1) ANP

2) BNP

60
Q

what naturetic peptide would you measure for CHF & what value would you want?

A

BNP

61
Q

Other regulations of HR: FEEDBACKS

5) RAAS System
- stimulus
- where does it work
- what does it cause a release in

A
  • activated by low BP
  • kidneys
  • Aldosterone
62
Q

RAAS:

how does aldosterone work in body

A

-makes kidneys retain Na and H2O to raise BP

63
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Stores Ca+

releases Ca+ after depolarization

64
Q

Troponin/Tropomyosin

A

Ca+ binds to tropnin

  • Tropomyosin opens myosin binding sites
  • measure for MI
65
Q

Actin and Myosin

A

actin and myosin attach to pull segments of heart muscle together

66
Q

EKG’s paper:

  • small box
  • large box
  • five large boxes
A
  • 0.04 sec
  • 0.20 sec
  • 1 second
67
Q

P wave

A

DEPOLARIZATION (contraction) of both ATRIA

-atrial kick

68
Q

PR interval

  • event
  • time value
A
  • time it takes for action potential to move from SA node to AV node
  • 0.12-0.20
69
Q

QRS

  • event
  • time value
A
  • DEPOLARIZATION (contraction) of VENTRICLES
  • REPOLARIZATION (relaxation) of ATRIA
  • 0.06-0.10
70
Q

T wave

  • event
  • what can happen here?
A
  • REPOLARIZATION (relaxation) of VENTRICLES

- Relative Refactory

71
Q

QT

  • event
  • time
A
  • total time of depolarization and repolarization of ventricles
  • 0.36-0.44
72
Q

what does a prolonged QT mean?

-med examples

A

lethal venticular dysrhythmias

ex) Zofran

73
Q

What does a wide QRS wave mean?

A

> 3 boxes means conduction delay in 1 or both ventricles

74
Q

What does a peacked T wave?

A

electrical instability r/t HYPERKALEMIA

75
Q

what does an inverted T wave mean?

A

Old infarction or evolving ischemia

*CHECK BMP

76
Q

What does a U wave mean?

-when is it noticible

A

HYPOKALEMIA or VENTRICULAR OVERLOAD

-when HR 95

77
Q

Why would a QT interval be >0.44?

A

HYPOKALEMIA or meds

78
Q

Three laws of deflection:

-electrodes moving towards positive electrode

A

-UPRIGHT DEFLECTION

79
Q

Three laws of deflection:

-electrodes moving away from + electrode

A

-DOWNWARD DEFLECTION

80
Q

Three laws of deflection:

-moving PAST + to -

A

biphasic

81
Q

EKG lead placement:

-V1

A

4th R ICS

82
Q

EKG lead placement:

-V2

A

4th L ICS

83
Q

EKG lead placement:

V3

A

between v2-v4

84
Q

EKG lead placement:

V4

A

5th ICS MCL

85
Q

EKG lead placement:

V5

A

between 4 & 6

86
Q

EKG lead placement:

V6

A

MAL

87
Q

einthoven’s triangle

A

triangle bipolar leads form

88
Q

Bipolar leads

A

I, II, III

89
Q

Unipolar Leads

A

avR, avL, avF

90
Q

precordial unipoloar

A

V1-V6

91
Q

which way does energy travel

A

negative to positive, top to bottom,

-bulk of heart muscle at bottom

92
Q

12 lead EKG

  • 1 and aVf
  • avR
A
  • want to be posiitve

- want to be negative

93
Q

Hexaxial System normal value

A

-30 to +90

94
Q

Causes of LEFT axis deviation

A
  • inferior wall MI
  • LBBB
  • L vent. hypertrophy
  • Aging
95
Q

Causes of RIGHT axis deviation

A
  • lateral wall MI
  • RBBB
  • Emphysema
  • R vent hypertrophy
96
Q

Elevated ST waves meaning

A

MI

97
Q

Depressed ST waves meaning

A

Ischemia

98
Q

ST segment change
1 mm
2 mm

A 
1= high risk
2= low risk
99
Q

ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY

-what wave do you see it in

A

P wave

100
Q

Atrial hypertrophy -

LEFT SIDE

A
  • “m” shaped p wave

- P mitrale

101
Q

Atrial hypertrophy

RIGHT SIDE

A
  • “peaked” p wave

- P pulmonale

102
Q

Ventricular Hypertrohy

-what wave do you see it in

A

TALL or WIDE QRS d.t lengthened depolarization time

103
Q

atrial kick is ___ % of C.O

A

30% and fills ventricles

104
Q

what wave will change with a BBB

A

widened QRS

105
Q

what leads show a BBB

A

V1-V6 (precordial unipolar)

Critical Care Test 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions