Pulmonary conditions Flashcards
Ventilation
movement of air through the conducting airways
Respiration: Internal Respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and body tissues
Respiration: external respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the environment
Total lung capacity
the maximum amount of air that can be contained by the lungs
decreased with restrictive lung disease
Tidal volume
the amount of air inspired or expired during normal resting ventilation
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume inspiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration
Residual Volume (RV)
the volume of air remaining within the lungs when ERV has been exhaled
increase with obstructive lung disease due to air trapping
decrease with restrictive lung disease
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
the volume of air that can be inspired after a tidal exhalation
IC= IRV +TV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
the volume of air that remains after normal exhalation
increase with OLD
decrease with RLD
Vital Capacity (VC)
Possible volume of air within lungs that is under voluntary control
VC= IRV +TV+ERV
Decrease with RLD
Hypoxemia
decreased oxygen carried by the arterial blood to the tissues
HYpercapnea
increased carbon dioxide within the arterial blood
Cor pulmonale
pulmonary hypertension
right sided heart failure (right ventricle of heart)
causes right ventricle to enlarge and pump blood less effectively that it should
ventricle is pushed to limit then fails
COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Decreased FEV
Increased RV and FRV due to air trapping
progression of hypoxemia, hypercapnea and cor pulmonale
Cystic Fibrosis
progressive genetic disease causing persistent lung infections and limits ability to breathe over time.
thick buildup of mucus in lungs, pancreas and other organs.
Mucus clogs airways and traps bacteria leading to infections.
Decreased FEV
Increased RV
Increased FRC
muscular atrophy
RESPIRATORY FAILURE IS THE MOST FREQUENT CAUSE OF DEATH
Pneumonia
pulmonary disease
inflammation of alveoli and small bronchi
bacteria causes 75% of infections
Asthma
acute
reversible
inflammatory
obstructive pulmonary
Decreased FEV
RV and FRC are increased due to air trapping
Restrictive Lung Disease (Interstitial Lung Disease)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is most common
airspaces become fibrosed…resistant to expansion
lung volumes decreased
hypoxemia and cor pulmonale may occur