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NPTE Questions > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of expiration

A

Rectus abs
Transverse abs
Internal/external obliques

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2
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

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3
Q

Heard over the lungs. Soft rustling heard throughout all of inspiration andthe beginning of expiration. Is normal, unlabored breathing

A

Vesicular sounds

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4
Q

Heard over 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and the interscapularregion

A

Bronchovesicular sounds

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5
Q

Hallow, echoing. Normally found only over the right superior anterior
thorax through right main stem bronchus. All inspiration and expiration. Normallyheard over the manubrium

A

Bronchial sounds

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6
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45

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7
Q

HCO3 normal

A

22-26

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8
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

HCO3 less than 22

PH less than 7.4

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9
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

HCO3 more than 26

Ph more than 7.4

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10
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

PaCO2 more than 45

PH less than 7.4

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11
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

PaCO2 less than 35

PH more than 7.4

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12
Q

Volume of gas inhaled (or exhaled) during a normal resting breath (10% of TLC

A

Tidal volume

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13
Q

Volume of gas that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting tidal inhalation. Makes up 50% of total lung volume

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

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14
Q

Volume of gas that can be exhaled beyond a normal resting tidal exhalation, if forced. Makes up 15% of total lung volume

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

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15
Q

Volume of gas that remains in the lungs after ERV has beenexhaled. Makes up 25% of total lung volume

A

Residual volume

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16
Q

IRV + TV

60%

A

Inspiratory capacity

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17
Q

IRV + TV + ERV

75%

A

Vital capacity

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18
Q

ERV + RV

A

Functional residual capacity

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19
Q

Gasping inspiration followed by short expiration

A

Apneustic

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20
Q

An irregular pattern of deep and shallow breaths; fast deep breathsinterspersed with abrupt pauses in breathing

A

Biot’s respiration (ataxia)

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21
Q

Distressing dyspnea characterized by increased respiratory rate, increased depth of respiration, panting, and labored respiration typical or air hunger

A

Kussmaul’s breathing

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22
Q

All or part of the chest wall falls in during inspiration; may be abdominal
expansion during exhalation; can lead to a flattened anterior chest wall orpectus excavatum

A

Paradoxical breathing

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23
Q

Rales, rattling or bubbling sounds that occur owing to secretions in the air
passages of the respiratory tract. Apparent in patients with CHF. Indicatesatelectasis (alveoli deflated), fibrosis, pulmonary edema

A

Crackles

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24
Q

Snoring sounds

A

Stertor

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25
Q

Abnormal transmission of vocal sounds, nasal or bleating sound. “E” sounds are transmitted to sound like “A”. Fluid filled areas of consolidation, cavitation
lesions, or pleural effusions

A

Egophany

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26
Q

A shrill, harsh sound heard during inspiration in the presence of laryngeal obstruction

A

Stridor

27
Q

Abnormal transmission of vocal sound, intense clear sound during auscultationeven at lung bases. Heard through fluid filled areas of consolidation, cavitation lesions or pleural effusion.

A

Bronchophany

28
Q

Abnormal transmission of vocal sounds. Whispered sounds are heard clearlyduring auscultations. Heard through fluid filled areas of consolidation,
cavitation lesions or pleural effusion

A

Whispered pectoriliquoy

29
Q

Breathing with a rasp or whistling sound from constriction of the throat,
pharynx, trachea or bronchi. Can be heard on both inspiration and expiration.Symptom of asthma and CHF

A

Wheezing

30
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a sign of

A

Heart failure

31
Q

Compensatory breathing for metabolic acidosis

A

Kussmaul repsirations

32
Q

alternating deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea which indicates a neurologic or brainstem dysfunction

A

Cheyenne-stokes

33
Q

Clubbing on nail beds indicates

A

Chronic hypoxia

34
Q

A group of symptoms

present at initial onset of sarcoidosis

A

Lofgren’s Syndrome

35
Q

Apical lung tumor at the superior thoracic inlet

A

Pancoast tumor

36
Q

Inflammation affecting the parenchyma of the lungs

A

Pneumonia

37
Q

Blood clot in pulmonary artery with obstruction of blood supply to the lung parenchyma

A

Pulmonary embolism

38
Q

Often a result of DVT

A

Pulmonary embolism

39
Q

Damage to alveoli cause

stiffening of the lung due to scarring of the lung tissue

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

40
Q

Most common cause is
idiopathic; in some cases,
could be chronic exposure to dust, asbestos, grain dust,
sugar cane, etc.

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

Inflammation of the body’s organs; mostly lungs

A

Sarcoidosis

42
Q

Lumps can form in the lungs, lymph and skin

A

Sarcoidosis

43
Q

Airborne disease that attacks the lungs

A

Tuberculosis

44
Q

What lung volume increases with obstructive diseases?

A

Increased RV and FRC

45
Q 
Cystic Fibrosis 
COPD 
Asthma 
Bronchiectasis 
Respiratory distress syndrome Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
Emphysema
A

Obstructive lung diseases

46
Q 
Pleural effusion
PTX
TB
Pulmonary edema
HTN
Bronchitis
A

Restrictive lung diseases

47
Q

Wheezing, chest tightness, SOB, cyanosis

A

Asthma

48
Q

Dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, elevation of temp, drop in BP, substernal retractions, shock

A

Atelectaiss

49
Q

Obstructive disease, difficulty clearing secretions; SOB, sputum with or without color,hemoptysis, crackles, wheezes, loud breath sounds

A

Bronchiectasis

50
Q

Expectorating cough, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pains, fever, fatigue

A

Bronchitis

51
Q

SOB
Cough
Sputum produced
Barrel chest

A

COPD

52
Q

persistent cough/wheezing, sputum production, excessive appetite with poor weight gain,salty skin and sweat, bulky/foul smelling stools

A

Cystic fibrosis

53
Q

Mostly SOB

A

Emphysema

54
Q

Fever
Arthritis
Enlarged lymph nodes
Rash

A

Lofgren;s syndrome

55
Q

Shoulder/arm pain along distribution of 8th cervical nerve trunk and 1st/2nd thoracic nerve trunks, weakness and atrophy of muscles of the hand, sensory loss/motor deficit in UE

A

Pancoast tumor

56
Q

May be asymptomatic; dyspnea on exertion, chest discomfort, sharp/stabbing chest painsmade worse by coughing/breathing

A

Pleural effusion

57
Q

Follows an upper respiratory infection, sudden/sharp chest pains, hacking/productivecough, headache, fatigue, fever/chills, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea, rust/green coloredpurulent sputum.

A

Pneumonia

58
Q

Dyspnea, sudden/sharp pleural chest pain, fall in BP, weak/rapid pulse, normal respiratoryfunctions on the affected side cease, pain localized to affect side

A

Pneumothorax

59
Q

Restlessness, anxiety, persistent cough, diaphoresis, slight dyspnea, problems w/ exercise,increased respirations,

A

Pulmonary edema

60
Q

Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, apprehension, persistent cough, hemoptysis, diaphoresis,tachypnea, fever

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

61
Q

Shortness of breath, fatigue, non-productive cough, angina, fainting, swelling of anklesand feet

A

Pulmonary HTN

62
Q

No symptoms, wheezing, coughing, SOB, fatigue, night sweats

A

Sarcoidosis

63
Q

fever, chills, night sweats, loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, chest pain, persistentcough (sometimes blood)

A

Tuberculosis

NPTE Questions (8 decks)

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