Pulmonary

Question 1

Muscles of expiration

Answer 1

Rectus abs
Transverse abs
Internal/external obliques

Question 2

Eupnea

Answer 2

Normal breathing

Question 3

Heard over the lungs. Soft rustling heard throughout all of inspiration andthe beginning of expiration. Is normal, unlabored breathing

Answer 3

Vesicular sounds

Question 4

Heard over 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and the interscapularregion

Answer 4

Bronchovesicular sounds

Question 5

Hallow, echoing. Normally found only over the right superior anterior
thorax through right main stem bronchus. All inspiration and expiration. Normallyheard over the manubrium

Answer 5

Bronchial sounds

Question 6

Normal PaCO2

Answer 6

35-45

Question 7

HCO3 normal

Answer 7

22-26

Question 8

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

HCO3 less than 22

PH less than 7.4

Question 9

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 9

HCO3 more than 26

Ph more than 7.4

Question 10

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 10

PaCO2 more than 45

PH less than 7.4

Question 11

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 11

PaCO2 less than 35

PH more than 7.4

Question 12

Volume of gas inhaled (or exhaled) during a normal resting breath (10% of TLC

Answer 12

Tidal volume

Question 13

Volume of gas that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting tidal inhalation. Makes up 50% of total lung volume

Answer 13

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Question 14

Volume of gas that can be exhaled beyond a normal resting tidal exhalation, if forced. Makes up 15% of total lung volume

Answer 14

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 15

Volume of gas that remains in the lungs after ERV has beenexhaled. Makes up 25% of total lung volume

Answer 15

Residual volume

Question 16

IRV + TV

60%

Answer 16

Inspiratory capacity

Question 17

IRV + TV + ERV

75%

Answer 17

Vital capacity

Question 18

ERV + RV

Answer 18

Functional residual capacity

Question 19

Gasping inspiration followed by short expiration

Answer 19

Apneustic

Question 20

An irregular pattern of deep and shallow breaths; fast deep breathsinterspersed with abrupt pauses in breathing

Answer 20

Biot’s respiration (ataxia)

Question 21

Distressing dyspnea characterized by increased respiratory rate, increased depth of respiration, panting, and labored respiration typical or air hunger

Answer 21

Kussmaul’s breathing

Question 22

All or part of the chest wall falls in during inspiration; may be abdominal
expansion during exhalation; can lead to a flattened anterior chest wall orpectus excavatum

Answer 22

Paradoxical breathing

Question 23

Rales, rattling or bubbling sounds that occur owing to secretions in the air
passages of the respiratory tract. Apparent in patients with CHF. Indicatesatelectasis (alveoli deflated), fibrosis, pulmonary edema

Answer 23

Crackles

Question 24

Snoring sounds

Answer 24

Stertor

Question 25

Abnormal transmission of vocal sounds, nasal or bleating sound. “E” sounds are transmitted to sound like “A”. Fluid filled areas of consolidation, cavitation lesions, or pleural effusions

Answer 25

Egophany

Question 26

A shrill, harsh sound heard during inspiration in the presence of laryngeal obstruction

Answer 26

Stridor

Question 27

Abnormal transmission of vocal sound, intense clear sound during auscultationeven at lung bases. Heard through fluid filled areas of consolidation, cavitation lesions or pleural effusion.

Answer 27

Bronchophany

Question 28

Abnormal transmission of vocal sounds. Whispered sounds are heard clearlyduring auscultations. Heard through fluid filled areas of consolidation, cavitation lesions or pleural effusion

Answer 28

Whispered pectoriliquoy

Question 29

Breathing with a rasp or whistling sound from constriction of the throat, pharynx, trachea or bronchi. Can be heard on both inspiration and expiration.Symptom of asthma and CHF

Answer 29

Wheezing

Question 30

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a sign of

Answer 30

Heart failure

Question 31

Compensatory breathing for metabolic acidosis

Answer 31

Kussmaul repsirations

Question 32

alternating deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea which indicates a neurologic or brainstem dysfunction

Answer 32

Cheyenne-stokes

Question 33

Clubbing on nail beds indicates

Answer 33

Chronic hypoxia

Question 34

A group of symptoms | present at initial onset of sarcoidosis

Answer 34

Lofgren’s Syndrome

Question 35

Apical lung tumor at the superior thoracic inlet

Answer 35

Pancoast tumor

Question 36

Inflammation affecting the parenchyma of the lungs

Answer 36

Pneumonia

Question 37

Blood clot in pulmonary artery with obstruction of blood supply to the lung parenchyma

Answer 37

Pulmonary embolism

Question 38

Often a result of DVT

Answer 38

Pulmonary embolism

Question 39

Damage to alveoli cause | stiffening of the lung due to scarring of the lung tissue

Answer 39

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 40

Most common cause is idiopathic; in some cases, could be chronic exposure to dust, asbestos, grain dust, sugar cane, etc.

Answer 40

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 41

Inflammation of the body’s organs; mostly lungs

Answer 41

Sarcoidosis

Question 42

Lumps can form in the lungs, lymph and skin

Answer 42

Sarcoidosis

Question 43

Airborne disease that attacks the lungs

Answer 43

Tuberculosis

Question 44

What lung volume increases with obstructive diseases?

Answer 44

Increased RV and FRC

Question 45

``` Cystic Fibrosis COPD Asthma Bronchiectasis Respiratory distress syndrome Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Emphysema ```

Answer 45

Obstructive lung diseases

Question 46

``` Pleural effusion PTX TB Pulmonary edema HTN Bronchitis ```

Answer 46

Restrictive lung diseases

Question 47

Wheezing, chest tightness, SOB, cyanosis

Answer 47

Asthma

Question 48

Dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, elevation of temp, drop in BP, substernal retractions, shock

Answer 48

Atelectaiss

Question 49

Obstructive disease, difficulty clearing secretions; SOB, sputum with or without color,hemoptysis, crackles, wheezes, loud breath sounds

Answer 49

Bronchiectasis

Question 50

Expectorating cough, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pains, fever, fatigue

Answer 50

Bronchitis

Question 51

SOB Cough Sputum produced Barrel chest

Answer 51

COPD

Question 52

persistent cough/wheezing, sputum production, excessive appetite with poor weight gain,salty skin and sweat, bulky/foul smelling stools

Answer 52

Cystic fibrosis

Question 53

Mostly SOB

Answer 53

Emphysema

Question 54

Fever Arthritis Enlarged lymph nodes Rash

Answer 54

Lofgren;s syndrome

Question 55

Shoulder/arm pain along distribution of 8th cervical nerve trunk and 1st/2nd thoracic nerve trunks, weakness and atrophy of muscles of the hand, sensory loss/motor deficit in UE

Answer 55

Pancoast tumor

Question 56

May be asymptomatic; dyspnea on exertion, chest discomfort, sharp/stabbing chest painsmade worse by coughing/breathing

Answer 56

Pleural effusion

Question 57

Follows an upper respiratory infection, sudden/sharp chest pains, hacking/productivecough, headache, fatigue, fever/chills, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea, rust/green coloredpurulent sputum.

Answer 57

Pneumonia

Question 58

Dyspnea, sudden/sharp pleural chest pain, fall in BP, weak/rapid pulse, normal respiratoryfunctions on the affected side cease, pain localized to affect side

Answer 58

Pneumothorax

Question 59

Restlessness, anxiety, persistent cough, diaphoresis, slight dyspnea, problems w/ exercise,increased respirations,

Answer 59

Pulmonary edema

Question 60

Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, apprehension, persistent cough, hemoptysis, diaphoresis,tachypnea, fever

Answer 60

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 61

Shortness of breath, fatigue, non-productive cough, angina, fainting, swelling of anklesand feet

Answer 61

Pulmonary HTN

Question 62

No symptoms, wheezing, coughing, SOB, fatigue, night sweats

Answer 62

Sarcoidosis

Question 63

fever, chills, night sweats, loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, chest pain, persistentcough (sometimes blood)

Answer 63

Tuberculosis