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Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal RR of an infant

A

30-60

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2
Q

What is the normal RR of an toddler

A

20-40

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3
Q

What is the normal RR of a school aged child

A

18-30

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4
Q

What is the normal RR of an adolescent

A

12-16

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5
Q

What is the collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration

A

Laryngomalacia

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of strider in infants

A

Laryngomalacia

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7
Q

What are some sx of a pt with Laryngomalacia

A

Inspiratory strider
Louder when eating
Presents shortly after birth

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8
Q

What is the treatment of Laryngomalacia

A

Surgery if extreme, usually no treatment is necessary

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9
Q

What is the narrowing of the trachea just below the vocal cords

A

Subglottic stenosis

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10
Q

Is subglottic stenosis more commonly acquired or congenital

A

Acquired

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11
Q

What should you be thinking if you hear a pt with biphasic stridor that is louder with increased respiratory effort.

A

subglottic stenosis

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12
Q

How do you diagnose subglottic stenosis

A

Endoscopy to visualize the structures

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13
Q

What is the treatment of subglottic stenosis

A

Mild just monitor

Severe may require endoscopic balloon dilation

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14
Q

what is insufficiant structural integrity of the trachal wall

A

Tracheomalacia

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15
Q

what is known as a floppy trachea

A

Tracheomalacia

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16
Q

when is Tracheomalacia most pronounced

A

during expiration

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17
Q

Name the dx. A pt comes to you with expiratory wheezing, the pt has been tested and does not have asthma. Sometimes the wheezing is only heard during coughing.

A

Tracheomalacia

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18
Q

what do you do to diagnose Tracheomalacia

A

bronchoscopy

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19
Q

What is the treatment of Tracheomalacia

A

Mild: conservative monitoring
Older: symptomatic treatments
Severe may require tracheostomy

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20
Q

what is the most common infection of the middle respirtory tract

A

Croup

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21
Q

what is croup caused by

A

parainfluenza virus

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22
Q

what does a child get when there is inflammation and edema of laryngotracheal airway in children

A

croup

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23
Q

when do you normally hear stridor with croup

A

inspiratory

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24
Q

A patient is brought to you with a barky cough and inspiratory stridor, what is the most likely diagnosis

A

croup

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25
what do you see on CXR of a pt with croup
steeple sign
26
what does the steeple sign mean
narrowing of the subglottic region
27
what is the treatment of croup
Mild: symptomatic care-Dexamethasone | Severe may need epinephrine
28
what is a lower respiratory tract infection affecting small airways
broncholitis
29
what is the most common oraganism to cause broncholitis
RSV
30
WHat is the leading cause of hospitlazation in children
broncholitis
31
A pt comes to you with a low grade fever and wheezing, the pt has been having nasal congestion and rhinnorhea. On exam the pt is tachypnea and showing signs of respiratory distress. What is the most likely dx
broncholitis
32
How can you diagnose broncholitis
clinical diagnosis
33
what is the treatment of broncholitis
supportive care and monitoring
34
What can be used to prevent broncholitis
Synagis-
35
how do you dose Synagis
1 dose just prior to RSV season then a total of 5 doses 1 month apart
36
what is an infection of the lower respirtory tract
PNA
37
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA: | no fever
viral
38
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA: | more upper airway sx
viral
39
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA: | streaky infiltrate on CXR
viral
40
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA: | WBC count normal
viral
41
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA: | high fever, chills
bacterial
42
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA: | lung consolidation
bacterial
43
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA: | lobar consolidation on CXR
bacterial
44
Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:WBC count elevated
bacterial
45
what are some physical exam signs of PNA
Signs of respirtory distress dullness to percussion (fluid) crackles, ronchi, wheezes distant breath sounds
46
How can you diagnose PNA
clinical, can diagnose by CXR
47
what is the treatment of PNA for the following pathogens: | S. pneumno, GAS, GBS, H. influenzae
Amoxicillin, Augmentin
48
what is the treatment of PNA for the following pathogens: | Mycoplasma, C. pneumoniae
Azithromycin or Levofloxacin
49
what is the treatment of PNA for the following pathogens: | Gram negative pathogens
Ceftriaxone
50
What type of gentic disorder is cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive
51
what chromosome is affected with cystic fibrosis
chromosome 7
52
what cells are affected with cystic fibrosis
epitheal cell chloride channel
53
``` if you have a pt with the following what should you be thinking : Respiratory sx Failure to thrive steatorrhea malabsorbtion meconium illius ```
cystic fibrosis
54
what test is done to test for cystic fibrosis
sweat choleride test
55
what is a common pathogen that most cystic fibrosis patients get
P. aeruginosa
56
What is the treatment of cystic fibrosis
chest physiotherapy aerosolized DNAse bronchodilators Pancreatic enzyme replacement
57
what is the most common chronic childhood disease
asthma
58
how do you dx asthma
if >5 spirometry
59
what is the first line treatment for persistant asthma
inhaled corticosteriods
60
what meds do you want to avoid with asthma
BB, NSAIDS, and Aspirin
61
what is the intial hospital treatment for asthma
albuterol + ipratropium, steriods | if severe Mag sulfate IV

Pediatric Cards (10 decks)

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