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Pediatric Cards > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal RR of an infant

A

30-60

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2
Q

What is the normal RR of an toddler

A

20-40

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3
Q

What is the normal RR of a school aged child

A

18-30

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4
Q

What is the normal RR of an adolescent

A

12-16

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5
Q

What is the collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration

A

Laryngomalacia

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of strider in infants

A

Laryngomalacia

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7
Q

What are some sx of a pt with Laryngomalacia

A

Inspiratory strider
Louder when eating
Presents shortly after birth

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8
Q

What is the treatment of Laryngomalacia

A

Surgery if extreme, usually no treatment is necessary

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9
Q

What is the narrowing of the trachea just below the vocal cords

A

Subglottic stenosis

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10
Q

Is subglottic stenosis more commonly acquired or congenital

A

Acquired

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11
Q

What should you be thinking if you hear a pt with biphasic stridor that is louder with increased respiratory effort.

A

subglottic stenosis

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12
Q

How do you diagnose subglottic stenosis

A

Endoscopy to visualize the structures

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13
Q

What is the treatment of subglottic stenosis

A

Mild just monitor

Severe may require endoscopic balloon dilation

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14
Q

what is insufficiant structural integrity of the trachal wall

A

Tracheomalacia

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15
Q

what is known as a floppy trachea

A

Tracheomalacia

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16
Q

when is Tracheomalacia most pronounced

A

during expiration

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17
Q

Name the dx. A pt comes to you with expiratory wheezing, the pt has been tested and does not have asthma. Sometimes the wheezing is only heard during coughing.

A

Tracheomalacia

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18
Q

what do you do to diagnose Tracheomalacia

A

bronchoscopy

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19
Q

What is the treatment of Tracheomalacia

A

Mild: conservative monitoring
Older: symptomatic treatments
Severe may require tracheostomy

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20
Q

what is the most common infection of the middle respirtory tract

A

Croup

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21
Q

what is croup caused by

A

parainfluenza virus

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22
Q

what does a child get when there is inflammation and edema of laryngotracheal airway in children

A

croup

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23
Q

when do you normally hear stridor with croup

A

inspiratory

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24
Q

A patient is brought to you with a barky cough and inspiratory stridor, what is the most likely diagnosis

A

croup

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25
Q

what do you see on CXR of a pt with croup

A

steeple sign

26
Q

what does the steeple sign mean

A

narrowing of the subglottic region

27
Q

what is the treatment of croup

A

Mild: symptomatic care-Dexamethasone

Severe may need epinephrine

28
Q

what is a lower respiratory tract infection affecting small airways

A

broncholitis

29
Q

what is the most common oraganism to cause broncholitis

A

RSV

30
Q

WHat is the leading cause of hospitlazation in children

A

broncholitis

31
Q

A pt comes to you with a low grade fever and wheezing, the pt has been having nasal congestion and rhinnorhea. On exam the pt is tachypnea and showing signs of respiratory distress. What is the most likely dx

A

broncholitis

32
Q

How can you diagnose broncholitis

A

clinical diagnosis

33
Q

what is the treatment of broncholitis

A

supportive care and monitoring

34
Q

What can be used to prevent broncholitis

A

Synagis-

35
Q

how do you dose Synagis

A

1 dose just prior to RSV season then a total of 5 doses 1 month apart

36
Q

what is an infection of the lower respirtory tract

A

PNA

37
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:

no fever

A

viral

38
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:

more upper airway sx

A

viral

39
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:

streaky infiltrate on CXR

A

viral

40
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:

WBC count normal

A

viral

41
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:

high fever, chills

A

bacterial

42
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:

lung consolidation

A

bacterial

43
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:

lobar consolidation on CXR

A

bacterial

44
Q

Is the following sx bacterial or viral PNA:WBC count elevated

A

bacterial

45
Q

what are some physical exam signs of PNA

A

Signs of respirtory distress
dullness to percussion (fluid)
crackles, ronchi, wheezes
distant breath sounds

46
Q

How can you diagnose PNA

A

clinical, can diagnose by CXR

47
Q

what is the treatment of PNA for the following pathogens:

S. pneumno, GAS, GBS, H. influenzae

A

Amoxicillin, Augmentin

48
Q

what is the treatment of PNA for the following pathogens:

Mycoplasma, C. pneumoniae

A

Azithromycin or Levofloxacin

49
Q

what is the treatment of PNA for the following pathogens:

Gram negative pathogens

A

Ceftriaxone

50
Q

What type of gentic disorder is cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive

51
Q

what chromosome is affected with cystic fibrosis

A

chromosome 7

52
Q

what cells are affected with cystic fibrosis

A

epitheal cell chloride channel

53
Q 
if you have a pt with the following what should you be thinking : 
Respiratory sx
Failure to thrive 
steatorrhea
malabsorbtion 
meconium illius
A

cystic fibrosis

54
Q

what test is done to test for cystic fibrosis

A

sweat choleride test

55
Q

what is a common pathogen that most cystic fibrosis patients get

A

P. aeruginosa

56
Q

What is the treatment of cystic fibrosis

A

chest physiotherapy
aerosolized DNAse
bronchodilators
Pancreatic enzyme replacement

57
Q

what is the most common chronic childhood disease

A

asthma

58
Q

how do you dx asthma

A

if >5 spirometry

59
Q

what is the first line treatment for persistant asthma

A

inhaled corticosteriods

60
Q

what meds do you want to avoid with asthma

A

BB, NSAIDS, and Aspirin

61
Q

what is the intial hospital treatment for asthma

A

albuterol + ipratropium, steriods

if severe Mag sulfate IV

Pediatric Cards (10 decks)

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