ENT Flashcards
where is the infection with otitis media
infection of middle ear
what are some common pathogens to cause otitis media
S. Pneumoniae, H. flu, M. Catarrhalis
A pt comes to you with fever, irritably, and poor feeding. Mother stated that the pt seems to be pulling at his ear a lot
otitis media
What will the TM look like with otitis media
inflammed, erythematous, with air fluid levels
what does a bulging TM look like
loss of light reflex, obscured structures in middle ear
what is the first line treatment of otitis media
Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day x 7 days
what are the indications for referral to ENT for tympanostomy tubes
> 3 distint well documented AOM in 6 months
4 in 12 months
3 months of persistant effusion
what is an abnormal growth of squamous epithelium in the middle ear
cholesteatoma
what is it when an infection spreads to the mastoid
mastoiditis
what is the most common cause of chronic upper airway obstruction
adenoid/tonsillar hypertrophy
What are some indications for adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy
OSA, nasal obstrucion, recurrent throat infections, chronic sinusitis, peritonsallar absecess
what is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis
Group A strep
what will you find on exam of pharyngitis
red throat, enlarged tonsils with exudates, tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, fever
What does the patient have if they have a diffuse sandpaper rash with strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
How can you diagnose pharyngitis
Rapid antigen testing
What is the treatment of pharyngitis
Penicillin V or Pen G
What is the dosing of Pen V for pharyngitis if the pt is <27kg
250mg
What is the dosing of Pen V for pharyngitis if the pt is >27kg
500mg
what are some complications of pharyngitis
Scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Peritonsillar abscess
who is peritonsillar abscess most common in
adolecents
what are the most common pathogens in peritonsillar abscess
Group A strep, anerobes, and S. aureus
A pt comes to you with a sore throat, fever, trismus, and a hot potato voice. what is the most likely dx
peritonsillar abscess
what is the treatment of a peritonsillar abscess
IV amoxicillin
may need surgical I&D
What are the common pathogens in retropharyngeal abscess
group A strep, S. auerus, anerobes
How can you dx retropharyngeal abscess
Lateral neck XR
CT is preferred
what is the treatment of retropharyngeal abscess
maintain the airway
Emperic antibiotics
If there is airway comprimise with a retropharyngeal abscess what is the treatment
surgical drainage
what is the pathogen in mononucleosis
Epstein Barr virus
what lymphocytes does EBV infect
B lymphocytes
what is the triad of mononucleosis
fever, pharyengitis, and lymphadenopathy
how can you dx mononucleosis
rapid monospot
serology
elevated LFTs common
what is the treatment of mononucleosis
symptomatic care
avoid contact sports
what is the most common pathogen to cause epiglottitis
H. influenza
A pt comes to you with dysphagia, drooling, and distress. what is the most likely dx
epiglottitis
How can you dx epiglottitis
CXR- thumb sign
blood cultures
what is the treatment of epiglottitis
Medical emergency
emergent ENT consult
IV abx Cephalosporin
