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Pediatric Cards > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

where is the infection with otitis media

A

infection of middle ear

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2
Q

what are some common pathogens to cause otitis media

A

S. Pneumoniae, H. flu, M. Catarrhalis

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3
Q

A pt comes to you with fever, irritably, and poor feeding. Mother stated that the pt seems to be pulling at his ear a lot

A

otitis media

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4
Q

What will the TM look like with otitis media

A

inflammed, erythematous, with air fluid levels

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5
Q

what does a bulging TM look like

A

loss of light reflex, obscured structures in middle ear

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6
Q

what is the first line treatment of otitis media

A

Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day x 7 days

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7
Q

what are the indications for referral to ENT for tympanostomy tubes

A

> 3 distint well documented AOM in 6 months
4 in 12 months
3 months of persistant effusion

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8
Q

what is an abnormal growth of squamous epithelium in the middle ear

A

cholesteatoma

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9
Q

what is it when an infection spreads to the mastoid

A

mastoiditis

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of chronic upper airway obstruction

A

adenoid/tonsillar hypertrophy

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11
Q

What are some indications for adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy

A

OSA, nasal obstrucion, recurrent throat infections, chronic sinusitis, peritonsallar absecess

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12
Q

what is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis

A

Group A strep

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13
Q

what will you find on exam of pharyngitis

A

red throat, enlarged tonsils with exudates, tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, fever

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14
Q

What does the patient have if they have a diffuse sandpaper rash with strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever

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15
Q

How can you diagnose pharyngitis

A

Rapid antigen testing

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16
Q

What is the treatment of pharyngitis

A

Penicillin V or Pen G

17
Q

What is the dosing of Pen V for pharyngitis if the pt is <27kg

A

250mg

18
Q

What is the dosing of Pen V for pharyngitis if the pt is >27kg

A

500mg

19
Q

what are some complications of pharyngitis

A

Scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Peritonsillar abscess

20
Q

who is peritonsillar abscess most common in

A

adolecents

21
Q

what are the most common pathogens in peritonsillar abscess

A

Group A strep, anerobes, and S. aureus

22
Q

A pt comes to you with a sore throat, fever, trismus, and a hot potato voice. what is the most likely dx

A

peritonsillar abscess

23
Q

what is the treatment of a peritonsillar abscess

A

IV amoxicillin

may need surgical I&D

24
Q

What are the common pathogens in retropharyngeal abscess

A

group A strep, S. auerus, anerobes

25
Q

How can you dx retropharyngeal abscess

A

Lateral neck XR

CT is preferred

26
Q

what is the treatment of retropharyngeal abscess

A

maintain the airway

Emperic antibiotics

27
Q

If there is airway comprimise with a retropharyngeal abscess what is the treatment

A

surgical drainage

28
Q

what is the pathogen in mononucleosis

A

Epstein Barr virus

29
Q

what lymphocytes does EBV infect

A

B lymphocytes

30
Q

what is the triad of mononucleosis

A

fever, pharyengitis, and lymphadenopathy

31
Q

how can you dx mononucleosis

A

rapid monospot
serology
elevated LFTs common

32
Q

what is the treatment of mononucleosis

A

symptomatic care

avoid contact sports

33
Q

what is the most common pathogen to cause epiglottitis

A

H. influenza

34
Q

A pt comes to you with dysphagia, drooling, and distress. what is the most likely dx

A

epiglottitis

35
Q

How can you dx epiglottitis

A

CXR- thumb sign

blood cultures

36
Q

what is the treatment of epiglottitis

A

Medical emergency
emergent ENT consult
IV abx Cephalosporin

Pediatric Cards (10 decks)

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