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Pediatric Cards > GI/GU > Flashcards

GI/GU Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of malnutrition

A

enviormental

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2
Q

what are enviormental factors that can lead to malnutriton

A

poor feeding techniques, maternal depression, emotional deprivation, poverity

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3
Q

what are some organic causes of malnutrition

A

celaic, GERD, infection, congential heart disease

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4
Q

with malnutrition what initally declines

A

weight

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5
Q

what is the retrograde movement of gastric contents upward into the esophagus

A

Gastreoesophgeal reflux

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6
Q

A patient presents with poor feeding, weight loss, and is contantly spitting up his meals

A

GERD

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7
Q

what can be used to diagnose GERD

A

barium upper GI
24 hour Ph monitoring
Endoscopy

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8
Q

what is the treatment of GERD

A

infants with complicatins get PPI

If healthy no treatment needed

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9
Q

what is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

A

communication between trachea and esophagus due to defect during development

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10
Q

what are sx of esophgeal atresia

A

polyhydramnios, infant drools, mucous, and saliva bubbling from mouth.

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11
Q

what is the most common tracheoesophageal fistula

A

esophgeal atresia

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12
Q

how can you diagnose tracheoesophageal fistula

A

CXR can show tube coiled in stomach,

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13
Q

what is a pt with tracheoesophageal fistula at risk for

A

aspiration pna

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14
Q

what do you want to avoid if a pt has a tracheoesophageal fistula

A

barium due to the high risk of aspiration

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15
Q

what is the treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula

A

surgery

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16
Q

what is pyloric stenosis

A

hypertrophy and spasm of pyloric muscle

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17
Q

what is an gastric outlet obstruction

A

pyloric stenosis

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18
Q

Is pyloric stenosis congential or aquired

A

aquired..you are not born with it

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19
Q

Who is pyloric stenosis more common in

A

males

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20
Q

what are the sx that will make you think pyloric stenosis

A

Projectile vomiting in the 1st few weeks of life

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21
Q

when does the vomiting occur in pyloric stenosis

A

immidiate postprandial, nonbilious, projectile

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22
Q

what is found on exam of pyloric stenosis

A

palpable “olive” mass

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23
Q

how do you assess for dehydration in pyloric stenosis

A

BUN and creatine

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24
Q

How do you diagnose pyloric stenosis

A

US - pyloris will be thickened and elongated

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25
Q

what is the treatment of pyloric stenosis

A

surgical pyloromyotomy

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26
Q

what is a miggut malrotation

A

abnormal rotation of the small intestines in utero

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27
Q

what are those with miggut malrotation suscceptible to

A

volvulus

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28
Q

what is a volvulus

A

twisting around mesenteric base, comprimises vascular supply

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29
Q

A patient is brought to you with abd pain, N/V and peritoneal signs. What are you thinking and what is the treatment

A

midgut malrotation treat with surgery

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30
Q

what is a congential intestinal motility disorder

A

Hirchsprung disease

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31
Q

what can failure of ganglion cells to migrate to the distal bowel early in development lead to

A

Hirchsprung disease

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32
Q

where do most cases of Hirchsprung disease occur at

A

rectosigmoid colon

33
Q

what is the most common presentation of Hirchsprung disease

A

a pt who has not passed a BM within the 1st 24 hours of life. They may present with chronic constipation or failure to thrive

34
Q

If you have a pt that is brought to you with bilious vomiting and find out with questions the pt is alos chronically constipated what should you be thinking

A

Hirchsprung disease

35
Q

How do you definitivly diagnose Hirchsprung disease

A

biopsy reveals absence of ganglion cells

36
Q

what is the treatment of Hirchsprung disease

A

surgery

37
Q

what is Meckel diverticulum

A

remnant of the fetal omphalomesenteric duct

38
Q

A patient is brought to you for painless GI bleeding what should you be thinking

A

Meckel diverticulum

39
Q

what can Meckel diverticulum lead to

A

Intussusception

40
Q

How do you diagnose Meckel diverticulum

A

Meckel scan

41
Q

what is the treatment of Meckel diverticulum

A

surgical excision

42
Q

What is telescoping of a segment of proximal bowel into distal bowel

A

Intussusception

43
Q

What is the most common abd emergency in children

A

Intussusception

44
Q

Where do most Intussusception occur at

A

ileocolic

45
Q

A patient is brought in with abd pain. The pain started suddenly and the pt is laying down with his knees drawn into his chest. He is refusing to eat. what is the most likly diagnosis

A

Intussusception

46
Q

What will you find on physical exam of a pt with Intussusception

A

current jelly stools and palpable sausage in abd

47
Q

What can you use to dx Intussusception

A

US, but definitive diagnosis is air or barium enema

48
Q

what is the treatment of Intussusception

A

air or barium enema

49
Q

What is the most common bacteria to cause a UTI

A

E. coli

50
Q

What are some sx in a neonate that may lead you to think UTI

A

Failure to thrive, feeding problems, fever

51
Q

On UA what must the pyuria be to dx a UTI

A

> 10 wbc

52
Q

What must the urine catch specimen be to diagnose a UTI in an infant or child

A

> 50,000 in infants

>100,000 in a child

53
Q

What is the treatment for a UTI

A

Oral abx for 7 Days

Cefixime cefdner augmentin Bactrim

54
Q

What is the most common cause of vesicoureteral reflex

A

Incompetent of UV Junction

55
Q

When do you check a voiding cystourethrogram

A

2 or more febrile UTI

1st febrile UTI and abnormal US

56
Q

When do you get a renal bladder US

A

Children who do not respond to therapy
Children <2 with their first febrile UTI
Recurring febrile UTI
Children with a UTI and a family hx of renal disease

57
Q

What are the two types of cryptorchidism

A

Absent testies

Retractable testies

58
Q

When do most undesended testies descend by

A

6 months on their own

59
Q

When do you refer someone for an undesended testies

A

If not descended on its own by 6-12 months

60
Q

What hormone can you try to help desend the testies

A

HCG

61
Q

When do you want to do surgery by with cryptorchidism

A

By 2 is best outcome

62
Q

What complications could occur if you don’t fix cryptorchidism

A

Infertility and testicular cancer

63
Q

What is the most common renal malignancy in children

A

Wilms tumor

64
Q

Around what age do you often diagnose wilms tumor

A

3-3 and a 1/2

65
Q

What type of cells does a wilms tumor arise from

A

Primitive cells

66
Q

How is wilms tumor often diagnosed

A

By an abdominal mass

67
Q

What is the initial test for wilms tumor

A

Ultrasound

68
Q

Where do you want to look for Mets in wilms tumor

A

Lungs

69
Q

How do you definitely diagnose wilms tumor

A

Histology

70
Q

The presence of what would make a wilms tumor unfavorable

A

Presence of anaplasia

71
Q

If wilms tumor recurs where is it most likely to recur at

A

In the lungs within 2 years

72
Q

What type of genetic disorder is PKU

A

Autosomal recessive

73
Q

What chromosome is affected by PKU

A

Chromosome 12

74
Q

What is pku

A

Deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase

75
Q

What does phenylalanine hydroxylase do

A

Converts phenylalanine to tyrosine

76
Q

At what level are you concerned for PKU on newborn screening

A

> 360

77
Q

What is the treatment of PKU

A

Dietary restriction of phenylalanine

78
Q

At what levels do you want to maintain PKU at

A

120-360

Pediatric Cards (10 decks)

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