Cardiology Flashcards
1
Q
What sx might someone have if they have a cardiac dysfunction
A
slow eating sweats with feed poor growth exercise intolerance cyanosis tachypnea at rest
2
Q
what is the closure of mitral and tricupid valve
A
S1
3
Q
what is the closure of the pulmonic and aortic valce
A
S2
4
Q
Is S1 systolic or diastolic
A
systole
5
Q
is S2 systolic or diastolic
A
diastolic
6
Q
what is rapid ventricular filling that is sometimes normal in athletes
A
S3
7
Q
What does a systolic murmur sound like
A
Crescendo-decresendo
8
Q
What murmors are systolic ejection murmurs
A
AS, PS, Atrial septal defect, coaraction of the aorta
9
Q
What murmors are holosystolic
A
ventricular septal defect, MR, TR
10
Q
What murmur is late systolic
A
Mitral valve prolapse
11
Q
What murmurs are continuous
A
Patent ductus arteriousis, arteriovenous malformation, coarctation of aorta
12
Q
What continuous murmur is the most common
A
Patent ductus arteriosis
13
Q
Name the murmur:
Grade I-III
LLSB to apex
Louder when lying down
A
Still/vibritory
14
Q
What murmur has a vibratory musical quality
A
Still/vibratory
15
Q
Name the murmur:
Continuous
Infraclavicular area
Louder when upright
A
Venous hum
16
Q
What murmur changes with turning of the head or jugular compression
A
Venous hum
17
Q
Name the murmur:
Harsh, short
LUSB/RUSB
Newborn - 6 months
A
Peripherial pulmonic stenosis
18
Q
What murmur is due to peripheral narrowing of distal pulmonic arteries
A
Peripherial pulmonic stenosis
19
Q
When does peripherial pulmonic stenosis normally resolve by
A
6-12 months
20
Q
Name that murmur: SEM LUSB Does not radiate Softer when upright
A
Adolescent ejection murmur
21
Q
Name the murmur :
Heard over the neck
May be heard throughout childhood
A
Carotid bruit
22
Q
What is the carotid bruits due to
A
Due to increased turbulence in carotids
23
Q
What will increase murmurs:
A
Hyperdynamic states :
Fever, anemia, anxiety, exercise
24
Q
What are the 3 physiological groups of congenital heart disease
A
left to right
Right to left
Obstructive, stenotic lesions
25
What murmurs are heard with Trisomy 13, 18, and 21
ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus
26
What murmur can come with trisomy 21
EC cushion defect
27
What murmur can come with Turners
Coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis
28
What murmur can be heard with Marfarn (3)
Dilated aorta, aortic regurgitation, MVP
29
What murmurs are associated with fetal alcohol
Ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect
30
Which type of shunt will the patient be cyanosis
Right to left
31
What are the 3 stenotic murmurs
AS, PS, coarctation of the aorta
32
What are the 3 R-L shunts
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Tricuspid Atresia
33
What are the 3 L-R shunts
PDA
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
34
What are the 3 mixed murmurs
Truncus arteriousis
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
35
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Ventricular septal defect
Acyanotic
36
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Atrial septal defect
Acyanotic
37
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Patent ductus arteriosis
Acyanotic
38
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| EC cushion defect
Acyanotic
39
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Pulmonary stenosis
Acyanotic
40
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Aortic stenosis
Acyanotic
41
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Coarctation of the aorta
Acyanotic
42
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Terology of Fallot
Cyanotic
43
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Transposition of great arteries
Cyanotic
44
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Tricuspid atresia
Cyanotic
45
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Truncus arteriousis
Cyanotic
46
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Cyanotic
47
Acyanotic vs cyanotic :
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Cyanotic
48
Name the 7 acyanotic cardiac defects
```
VSD
ASD
PDA
EC cushion defect
Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
```
49
What is the most common congenital heart defect
Ventricular septal defect
50
Where is the most common location of VSD
Perimembranous
51
What are the 4 portions of the ventricular septum
Muscular septum
Endocardial cushion
Supracristal septum
Membranous septum
52
What is a common sx of a large VSD
Heart failure
53
Holosystolic murmur heard best at the LLSB
VSD
54
What might be on CXR of VSD
Cardiomegaly
| Enlarged pulmonary artery and pulmonary blood flow
55
What is the treatment of VSD
Most close spontaneously
Diuretics
Surgical repair
56
What is the most common ASD
Secundum ASD hole near the foramen ovals
57
Fixed split S2
| LLSB
Atrial septal defect
58
What is the treatment of ASD
Most close spontaneously
| May close by catheter
59
How long should you wait to close an ASD
Recommend closure if significant shunt persist to age 3
60
What are some common sx of ASD
Most are asymptotic
61
What murmur allows blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
PDA
62
How quickly after birth should the PDA close
Within 48 hours
63
Widened pulse pressure with a continuous machine like murmur that is mid-systolic at the apex
PDA
64
What is the treatment of PDA if the pt has sx of heart failure
Diuretics
65
What is the treatment of PDA if the pt is preterm
Indomethacin
66
What murmur can lead to endocarditis
PDA
67
What murmur does the septum fail to fuse with the endocartial cushion
Endocardial cushion defect
68
If a patient has congestive heart failure within the first 6-8 weeks of life what should you think
Endocardial cushion defect
69
What murmur should you be thinking if a patient comes to you with poor growth and has Down syndrome
Endocardial cushion defect
70
What murmur is systolic and heard best at the LUSB
Pulmonary stenosis
71
What murmur is heard best at the RUSB and is a crescendo decresendo
Aortic stenosis
72
What is the treatment of AS or PS
Balloon with valvuloplasty or surgical repair
73
What murmur will you hear if the area near the ductus arteriousis fails to develop
Coarctation of the aorta
74
What sx might you see with coarctation of aorta in neonates
Poor feeding, respiratory distress, shock by 2
75
What sx might older kids have if they have coarctation of the aorta
Most are asx
| Leg discomfort with exercise, HA, epistaxis
76
What murmur should you be thinking
Weak and delayed femoral pulses
Lower BP in the LE
High pitched that radiates to the L infrascapular area
Coarctation of the aorta
77
What should you think if you see rib notching on an CXR
Coarctation of the aorta
78
What is the treatment of coarctation of the aorta in infants
Prostaglandin E1 - helps to keep ductus arteriosis open
79
What is the treatment of coarctation of the aorta in older patients
```
Balloon angioplasty (critically ill)
Surgical repair is most common
```
80
What are the 5 cyanotic cardiac defects
```
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great arteries
Truncus arteriousis
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
```
81
What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
82
What are the 4 structural defects of tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
RVH
83
Right ventrular impulse at LSB
| Restless, agitated, fetal position
Tetralogy of fallot
84
What should you be thinking with a boot shaped heart
Tetralogy of fallot
85
What is the treatment of tetralogy of fallot
PGE1 immediately to keep ductus arteriosus open
86
What is abnormal septation of truncus arteriosus
Transposition of great arteries
87
What should you think with immediate cyanosis at birth
Transposition of great arteries
88
If there is failure of the tricuspid valve to develop what is it
Tricuspid atresia
89
What is it with failure of septation of truncus
Truncus arteriousis
90
What murmur is heard when the aorta and pulmonary arteries arise as one
Truncus arteriosis
91
What is it when the pulmonary veins fail to connect to left atrium and return to the right heart
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
92
What is it when there is failure of development of mitral or aortic valve or the aortic arch and small left ventricle unable to support normal systemic circulation
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
93
Machinery
Patent ductus arteriosus
94
Musical/vibratory
Stilll
95
Louder supine
Still
96
Louder standing
Venous hum
97
Continuous
Patent ductus arteriosus, venous hum
98
Holosystolic
Ventricular septal defect
99
Radiates to the axilla
PPS
100
High pitched and radiates to back
Coarctation of aorta
101
Fixed split S2
Atrial septal defect
102
What is vasculitis of unknown etiology
Kawasaki disease
103
What type of arteries are involved with Kawasaki disease
Small to medium sized
104
When does Kawasaki disease peak at what age
2-3
105
What are the 3 stages of kawaski disease
Acute, subacute, and convalsscent
106
What is the acute phase of Kawasaki
```
Sudden high fever,
Conjunctival erythema
Dry cracked lips
Strawberry tongue
Cervical LAD
```
107
What is the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease
Up to 4 weeks
Gradual resolution of fever
Coronary artery aneurysm
108
What is the convalescent phase of Kawasaki disease
Up to 6-8 weeks until ESR returns to normal
109
When is a patient with Kawasaki disease at high risk of mortality and morbidity
Subacute with the cornary artery aneurysms
110
What is the trend of platelets in kawaski disease
Low/normal acutely
| High during subacute
111
When do you monitor for cornary artery aneruysm with echo
2-3 weeks and
| 6-8 weeks
112
What is the treatment of kawaski disease
IVIG-there will be rapid improvement
| Aspirin
113
What treatment reduces the risk of cornary artery aneurysm
IVIG
114
Holosystolc murmur at LLSB and most common
VSD
115
Fixed split S2
ASD
116
Continuous machine like in the left infraclavicular to the back
PDA
117
Treatment is with indomethacin and ibuprofen if preterm
PDA
118
Weak femoral pulses on exam
Coarctation of aorta
119
Decreased BP in LE
| Increased BP in UE
Coarctation of the aorta
120
Murmur high pitched to back, treat with prostaglandin E1
Coarctation of aorta
121
Age 3-6
LLSB
Louder when lying down
Stills
122
Continuous, louder when upright
Venous hum
123
0-6 months, LUSB/RUSB, axilla, and back
Peripherial pulmonic stenosis
124
Age 8-14, LUSB, no radiation
Adolescent ejection
125
Throughout, 1-3 carotid artery
Carotid bruit
126
Restless, agitated, draws up legs, increasing cyanosis
Tetralogy of fallot
127
VSD, PS, overriding aorta, RVH
Tetralogy of fallot
128
Boot shaped heart
Tetralogy of fallot
129
What murmur do you give PGE1 at birth if severe
Tetralogy of fallot
