Pulmonary Flashcards
What color is air on an x-ray?
Black “radiolucent” (clarity)
What is the difference between a carotid body and a carotid sinus?
Carotid body: chemoreceptor
Carotid sinus: baroreceptor
What color is fluid/solid on x-ray?
White “radiopaque” (opacity)
What disease has a steeple sign (inverted “V” shape) on neck film??
Croup
What disease has a thumb sign on neck film?
Epiglottitis (Most common caused by H.Influenza)
What is “blue bloater”?
Bronchitis
What is a “pink puffer”?
Emphysema
What diseases have pulmonary eosinophilia?
Aspergillosis
Strongyloides
What drugs cause pulmonary eosinophilia?
Nitrofurantoin
Sulfonamides
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking
Radon
2nd hand smoke
Pneumoconiosis (except anthracosis)
What diseases have hemoptysis (cough up blood/ bloody sputum)?
Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Pneumonia TB Lung cancer
Where is a Bokdalek hernia?
Back of diaphragm
Where is Morgagni hernia?
Middle of diaphragm
What diseases have respiratory alkalosis?
Low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
Restrictive lung disease
Anxiety, pregnancy, gram negative sepsis, pulmonary embolism
What diseases have respiratory acidosis?
Lung can’t remove all carbon dioxide that the body produces
Obstructive lung disease
What diseases have metabolic alkalosis?
pH of tissues is elevated
Low volume state
vomiting, diuretics, GI blood loss
What diseases have metabolic acidosis?
Body produces too much acid or Kidneys not remove enough acid from the body
Acid production (MUDPILES (methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol ans salicylates), RTA II, diarrhea)
What does stridor tell you?
Extrathoracic narrowing
(Narrows when breathe in)
(This sound is found in larynx and trachea)
What does wheezing tell you?
Intrathoracic narrowing
(Narrows when breath out)
(This sound is found in bronchus)
What does rhonchi tell you?
Mucus in airway
(Obstructive lung disease)
(This sound is found in bronchus)
What does grunting (crepitante) tell you?
Blows collapsed alveoli open
(Restrictive lung disease)
(This sound is found in alveoli)
What does dull (mate) percussion tell you?
Airspace and chest wall absorbing sound
Found fluid or solid
What does hyperresonance tell you?
Air in lungs
What does tracheal deviation tell you?
Away from pneumothorax or toward atelectasia
“Air phobic”
What does fremitus, egophony and bronchophony tell you?
Consolidation (pneumonia)
Alveolar space contains liquid instead (en vez) of gas
What is restrictive lung disease?
Trouble breathing in
Small stiff lungs
What is obstructive lung disease?
Trouble breathing out
Big mucus-filled lungs
What is epiglottitis?
X-ray thumb sign
Drooling (babear)
What is croup?
X-ray steeple sign
Barking cough
What is tracheitis?
Inflammation of trachea
Look toxic
Grey pseudomembrane
Leukocytosis
What is asthma?
Wheeze on expiration
IgE
Eosinophils
What is bronchiolitis?
Asthma in kids under 2yrs
What is sinusitis?
Paranasal inflammation
What is Bronchiectasis?
Irreversible Dilation of terminal bronchia
Cause bad breath, purulent sputum and hemoptysis
What is bronchitis?
Lots of sputum, “blue bloater”(common in chronic bronchitis (have excessive mucus production) and the person is hypoxemic and cyanotic)
What is emphysema?
Restrictive to obstructive pattern, “pink puffers”(pink complexion)
What is pneumonia?
Consolidation of airway
Inflammatory condition of lung affecting primarily alveoli
What is pneumothorax?
Decreased breath sound on one side
Abnormal collection of air or gas in pleural space
How do you detect a pulmonary embolus?
Tachypnea, increased V/Q scan, EKG:S1,Q3,T3
What is tamponade?
Decreased breath sounds/BP; increased JVD
What is laryngomalacia?
Most common cause of stridor in infancy and cause airway obstruction
What is tracheomalacia?
Flaccidity of tracheal cartilage
Soft cartilage, stridor since birth
What is cystic fibrosis?
Meconium ileus, steatorrhea, bronchiectasis
Also known mucoviscidosis
What is aspergillosis?
Allergy to mold, dead plants and found in wet places
What is asbestosis?
Shipyard workers, pipe fitters, brake mechanics and mine-workers
What is silicosis?
Sandblasters, glassblowers
More fibronodular
What is beryliosis?
Radio, TV welders
More granulomatous
What is anthracosis?
Coal workers, massive fibrosis
What is sarcoidosis?
Non-caseating granulomas, eggshell calcification of lymph nodes
What is caplan syndrome?
Combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis
Manifiest intrapulmonary nodules
What is carcinoid syndrome?
Flushing, wheezing, diarrhea
Tx.Ostreotide
What is small cell CA?
At carina, malognant, cushing’s, SIADH, SVC syndrome
What is large cell CA?
Large stuff
What is squamous cell CA?
Smoker, high PTH, high Ca2+
What is bronchealveolar CA?
Looks like pneumonia, due to pneumoconiosis
What is kartagener syndrome?
Defect in cilia motility, fallopian tube and flagella of sperm in males
