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PP Clues > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

0
Q

What color is air on an x-ray?

A

Black “radiolucent” (clarity)

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1
Q

What is the difference between a carotid body and a carotid sinus?

A

Carotid body: chemoreceptor

Carotid sinus: baroreceptor

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2
Q

What color is fluid/solid on x-ray?

A

White “radiopaque” (opacity)

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3
Q

What disease has a steeple sign (inverted “V” shape) on neck film??

A

Croup

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4
Q

What disease has a thumb sign on neck film?

A

Epiglottitis (Most common caused by H.Influenza)

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5
Q

What is “blue bloater”?

A

Bronchitis

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6
Q

What is a “pink puffer”?

A

Emphysema

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7
Q

What diseases have pulmonary eosinophilia?

A

Aspergillosis

Strongyloides

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8
Q

What drugs cause pulmonary eosinophilia?

A

Nitrofurantoin

Sulfonamides

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for lung cancer?

A

Smoking
Radon
2nd hand smoke
Pneumoconiosis (except anthracosis)

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10
Q

What diseases have hemoptysis (cough up blood/ bloody sputum)?

A 
Bronchiectasis
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
TB
Lung cancer
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11
Q

Where is a Bokdalek hernia?

A

Back of diaphragm

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12
Q

Where is Morgagni hernia?

A

Middle of diaphragm

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13
Q

What diseases have respiratory alkalosis?

Low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Restrictive lung disease

Anxiety, pregnancy, gram negative sepsis, pulmonary embolism

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14
Q

What diseases have respiratory acidosis?

Lung can’t remove all carbon dioxide that the body produces

A

Obstructive lung disease

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15
Q

What diseases have metabolic alkalosis?

pH of tissues is elevated

A

Low volume state

vomiting, diuretics, GI blood loss

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16
Q

What diseases have metabolic acidosis?

Body produces too much acid or Kidneys not remove enough acid from the body

A 
Acid production
(MUDPILES (methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol ans salicylates), RTA II, diarrhea)
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17
Q

What does stridor tell you?

A

Extrathoracic narrowing
(Narrows when breathe in)
(This sound is found in larynx and trachea)

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18
Q

What does wheezing tell you?

A

Intrathoracic narrowing
(Narrows when breath out)
(This sound is found in bronchus)

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19
Q

What does rhonchi tell you?

A

Mucus in airway
(Obstructive lung disease)
(This sound is found in bronchus)

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20
Q

What does grunting (crepitante) tell you?

A

Blows collapsed alveoli open
(Restrictive lung disease)
(This sound is found in alveoli)

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21
Q

What does dull (mate) percussion tell you?

A

Airspace and chest wall absorbing sound

Found fluid or solid

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22
Q

What does hyperresonance tell you?

A

Air in lungs

23
Q

What does tracheal deviation tell you?

A

Away from pneumothorax or toward atelectasia

“Air phobic”

24
Q

What does fremitus, egophony and bronchophony tell you?

A

Consolidation (pneumonia)

Alveolar space contains liquid instead (en vez) of gas

25
Q

What is restrictive lung disease?

A

Trouble breathing in

Small stiff lungs

26
Q

What is obstructive lung disease?

A

Trouble breathing out

Big mucus-filled lungs

27
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

X-ray thumb sign

Drooling (babear)

28
Q

What is croup?

A

X-ray steeple sign

Barking cough

29
Q

What is tracheitis?

A

Inflammation of trachea
Look toxic
Grey pseudomembrane
Leukocytosis

30
Q

What is asthma?

A

Wheeze on expiration
IgE
Eosinophils

31
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Asthma in kids under 2yrs

32
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Paranasal inflammation

33
Q

What is Bronchiectasis?

A

Irreversible Dilation of terminal bronchia

Cause bad breath, purulent sputum and hemoptysis

34
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Lots of sputum, “blue bloater”(common in chronic bronchitis (have excessive mucus production) and the person is hypoxemic and cyanotic)

35
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Restrictive to obstructive pattern, “pink puffers”(pink complexion)

36
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Consolidation of airway

Inflammatory condition of lung affecting primarily alveoli

37
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Decreased breath sound on one side

Abnormal collection of air or gas in pleural space

38
Q

How do you detect a pulmonary embolus?

A

Tachypnea, increased V/Q scan, EKG:S1,Q3,T3

39
Q

What is tamponade?

A

Decreased breath sounds/BP; increased JVD

40
Q

What is laryngomalacia?

A

Most common cause of stridor in infancy and cause airway obstruction

41
Q

What is tracheomalacia?

A

Flaccidity of tracheal cartilage

Soft cartilage, stridor since birth

42
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Meconium ileus, steatorrhea, bronchiectasis

Also known mucoviscidosis

43
Q

What is aspergillosis?

A

Allergy to mold, dead plants and found in wet places

44
Q

What is asbestosis?

A

Shipyard workers, pipe fitters, brake mechanics and mine-workers

45
Q

What is silicosis?

A

Sandblasters, glassblowers

More fibronodular

46
Q

What is beryliosis?

A

Radio, TV welders

More granulomatous

47
Q

What is anthracosis?

A

Coal workers, massive fibrosis

48
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Non-caseating granulomas, eggshell calcification of lymph nodes

49
Q

What is caplan syndrome?

A

Combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis

Manifiest intrapulmonary nodules

50
Q

What is carcinoid syndrome?

A

Flushing, wheezing, diarrhea

Tx.Ostreotide

51
Q

What is small cell CA?

A

At carina, malognant, cushing’s, SIADH, SVC syndrome

52
Q

What is large cell CA?

A

Large stuff

53
Q

What is squamous cell CA?

A

Smoker, high PTH, high Ca2+

54
Q

What is bronchealveolar CA?

A

Looks like pneumonia, due to pneumoconiosis

55
Q

What is kartagener syndrome?

A

Defect in cilia motility, fallopian tube and flagella of sperm in males

PP Clues (6 decks)

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