Cardiology

Question 0

What organs have resistance in parallel?

Answer 0

All the rest

Question 1

What organs have resistance in series?

Answer 1

Liver, kidney

Question 2

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference at rest?

Answer 2

Heart

Question 3

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after exercise?

Answer 3

Muscle

Question 4

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after meal?

Answer 4

Gut

Question 5

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference during a test?

Answer 5

Brain

Question 6

What organ has the lowest A-VO2 difference?

Answer 6

Kidney

Question 7

Where does type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 7

Ascending aorta

Occurs in necrosis and syphilis

Question 8

Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 8

Descending aorta

Occurs in trauma, atherosclerosis

Question 9

What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?

Answer 9

Intima, media and adventitia

Question 10

What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?

Answer 10

Intima and media

Question 11

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 11

Systolic-diastolic pressure

Question 12

What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

Answer 12

Aorta

Question 13

What vessels have the most smooth muscle?

Answer 13

Arterioles

Question 14

What vessels have the largest cross-sectional area?

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

What vessel has the highest compliance?

Answer 15

Aorta

Question 16

What vessels have the highest capacitance?

Answer 16

Veins and venules

Question 17

What is your max heart rate?

Answer 17

220

Question 18

What is stable angina?

Answer 18

Pain with exertion (atherosclerosis)

Question 19

What is unstable angina?

Answer 19

Pain at rest

Question 20

What is prinzmetal’s angina?

Answer 20

Intermittent pain

Coronary artery spasm

Question 21

What is amyloidosis?

Answer 21

Stain congo red, echo apple-green birefringence

Question 22

What is hemochromatosis?

Answer 22

Fe (iron) deposit in organs

Question 23

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 23

Pressure equializes in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium, no pulse or BP, kussmaul’s sign, pulsus paradoxus

Question 24

What is transudate?

Answer 24

Too much water: Heart failure Renal failure Not enough protein: Cirrhosis (can't make protein) Nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out)

Question 25

What is exudate?

Answer 25

``` Too much protein: Purulent (bacteria) Hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE) Fibrinous (collagen vascular disease, uremia, TB) Granulomatous (non-bacterial) ```

Question 26

What is systole?

Answer 26

(Contraction of ventricular cardiac muscle tissue) | Squish heart, low blood flow to coronary arteries, more extraction of oxygen

Question 27

What is diastole?

Answer 27

(Heart relaxation after contraction) | Fill heart, high blood flow to coronary arteries

Question 28

What are the only arteries w/ deoxygenated blood?

Answer 28

Pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries

Question 29

What murmur has a waterhammer pulse?

Answer 29

Aortic regurgitation

Question 30

What murmur has pulsus tardus?

Answer 30

Aortic stenosis

Question 31

What cardiomyopathy has pulsus alternans?

Answer 31

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 32

What disease has pulsus bigeminus?

Answer 32

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Question 33

What murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse?

Answer 33

Atrial fibrillation

Question 34

What murmur has regularly irregular pulse?

Answer 34

Premature ventricular contraction

Question 35

What sound radiates to the neck?

Answer 35

Aortic stenosis

Question 36

What sound radiates to the axilla?

Answer 36

Mitral regurgitation

Question 37

What sound radiates to the back?

Answer 37

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 38

What disease has a boot-shaped x-ray?

Answer 38

Right ventricle hypertrophy

Question 39

What disease has a banana-shaped x-ray?

Answer 39

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Question 40

What disease has an egg-shaped x-ray?

Answer 40

Transposition of great arteries

Question 41

What disease has a snowman-shaped x-ray?

Answer 41

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 42

What disease has a "3" shaped x-ray?

Answer 42

Coarctation of aorta

Question 43

What is osler-weber-rendu?

Answer 43

Atreovenus malformation (Lungs, gut, CNS) Telangiectasias risk

Question 44

What is von hippel-lindau?

Answer 44

Atreovenous malformation (Head, retina) Renal cell cancer risk

Question 45

When do valves make noise?

Answer 45

When valves close

Question 46

What valves make noise during systole?

Answer 46

Mitral and tricuspid

Question 47

What murmurs occur during systole?

Answer 47

Holosystolic, ejection murmur or click

Question 48

What are the holosystolic (pansystolic) murmurs?

Answer 48

Tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation or ventricular septal defect

Question 49

What are the systolic ejection murmurs?

Answer 49

Aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 50

What valves make noise during diastole?

Answer 50

Aortic and pulmonic

Question 51

What are the diastolic murmurs?

Answer 51

Blowing and rumbling

Question 52

What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?

Answer 52

Aortic regurgitation or pulmonary regurgitation

Question 53

What are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?

Answer 53

Tricuspid stenosis or mitral stenosis

Question 54

What are the continuous murmurs?

Answer 54

Patent ductus arteriosus or atreovenous malformation

Question 55

What has a friction rub while breathing?

Answer 55

Pleuritis

Question 56

What has a friction rub when holding breath?

Answer 56

Pericarditis

Question 57

What does a mid-systolic click tell you?

Answer 57

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 58

What does an ejection click tell you?

Answer 58

A/P stenosis

Question 59

What does an opening snap tell you?

Answer 59

M/T stenosis

Question 60

What does S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 60

Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)

Question 61

What does wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 61

High oxygen, high RV volume or delayed pulmonic valve opening

Question 62

What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 62

Atrial septal defect

Question 63

What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 63

Aortic stenosis or left bundle branch block

Question 64

What is cor pulmonale?

Answer 64

Pulmonary hypertension (cause right ventricular failure)

Question 65

What is eisenmenger's?

Answer 65

Pulmonary hypertension (reverse L-R to R-L shunt)

Question 66

What is transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 66

Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral

Question 67

What is tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 67

Overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy (boot-shaped heart), VSD (L to R shunt)

Question 68

What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?

Answer 68

All pulmonary veins to RA, snowman x-ray

Question 69

What is truncus arteriosus?

Answer 69

Congenital heart disease present at birth Fails to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta Spiral membrane not develop

Question 70

What is ebstein's anomaly?

Answer 70

Tricuspid prolapse, mom's lithium increases risk

Question 71

What can Lithium do to mom?

Answer 71

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 72

What is cinchonism?

Answer 72

Overdose of quinine (used to treat malaria) | Hearing loss, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia, flushed face

Question 73

What is Virschow's triad?

Answer 73

Hypotension, jugular distention and tachycardia