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PP Clues > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

0
Q

What organs have resistance in parallel?

A

All the rest

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1
Q

What organs have resistance in series?

A

Liver, kidney

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2
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference at rest?

A

Heart

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3
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after exercise?

A

Muscle

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4
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after meal?

A

Gut

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5
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference during a test?

A

Brain

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6
Q

What organ has the lowest A-VO2 difference?

A

Kidney

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7
Q

Where does type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Ascending aorta

Occurs in necrosis and syphilis

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8
Q

Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Descending aorta

Occurs in trauma, atherosclerosis

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9
Q

What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima, media and adventitia

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10
Q

What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima and media

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11
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Systolic-diastolic pressure

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12
Q

What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

A

Aorta

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13
Q

What vessels have the most smooth muscle?

A

Arterioles

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14
Q

What vessels have the largest cross-sectional area?

A

Capillaries

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15
Q

What vessel has the highest compliance?

A

Aorta

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16
Q

What vessels have the highest capacitance?

A

Veins and venules

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17
Q

What is your max heart rate?

A

220

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18
Q

What is stable angina?

A

Pain with exertion (atherosclerosis)

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19
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Pain at rest

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20
Q

What is prinzmetal’s angina?

A

Intermittent pain

Coronary artery spasm

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21
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

Stain congo red, echo apple-green birefringence

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22
Q

What is hemochromatosis?

A

Fe (iron) deposit in organs

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23
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Pressure equializes in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium, no pulse or BP, kussmaul’s sign, pulsus paradoxus

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24
Q

What is transudate?

A

Too much water:
Heart failure
Renal failure

Not enough protein:
Cirrhosis (can’t make protein)
Nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out)

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25
Q

What is exudate?

A 
Too much protein:
Purulent (bacteria)
Hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE)
Fibrinous (collagen vascular disease, uremia, TB)
Granulomatous (non-bacterial)
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26
Q

What is systole?

A

(Contraction of ventricular cardiac muscle tissue)

Squish heart, low blood flow to coronary arteries, more extraction of oxygen

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27
Q

What is diastole?

A

(Heart relaxation after contraction)

Fill heart, high blood flow to coronary arteries

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28
Q

What are the only arteries w/ deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries

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29
Q

What murmur has a waterhammer pulse?

A

Aortic regurgitation

30
Q

What murmur has pulsus tardus?

A

Aortic stenosis

31
Q

What cardiomyopathy has pulsus alternans?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

32
Q

What disease has pulsus bigeminus?

A

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

33
Q

What murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse?

A

Atrial fibrillation

34
Q

What murmur has regularly irregular pulse?

A

Premature ventricular contraction

35
Q

What sound radiates to the neck?

A

Aortic stenosis

36
Q

What sound radiates to the axilla?

A

Mitral regurgitation

37
Q

What sound radiates to the back?

A

Pulmonary stenosis

38
Q

What disease has a boot-shaped x-ray?

A

Right ventricle hypertrophy

39
Q

What disease has a banana-shaped x-ray?

A

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

40
Q

What disease has an egg-shaped x-ray?

A

Transposition of great arteries

41
Q

What disease has a snowman-shaped x-ray?

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

42
Q

What disease has a “3” shaped x-ray?

A

Coarctation of aorta

43
Q

What is osler-weber-rendu?

A

Atreovenus malformation
(Lungs, gut, CNS)
Telangiectasias risk

44
Q

What is von hippel-lindau?

A

Atreovenous malformation
(Head, retina)
Renal cell cancer risk

45
Q

When do valves make noise?

A

When valves close

46
Q

What valves make noise during systole?

A

Mitral and tricuspid

47
Q

What murmurs occur during systole?

A

Holosystolic, ejection murmur or click

48
Q

What are the holosystolic (pansystolic) murmurs?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation or ventricular septal defect

49
Q

What are the systolic ejection murmurs?

A

Aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

50
Q

What valves make noise during diastole?

A

Aortic and pulmonic

51
Q

What are the diastolic murmurs?

A

Blowing and rumbling

52
Q

What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?

A

Aortic regurgitation or pulmonary regurgitation

53
Q

What are the diastolic rumbling murmurs?

A

Tricuspid stenosis or mitral stenosis

54
Q

What are the continuous murmurs?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus or atreovenous malformation

55
Q

What has a friction rub while breathing?

A

Pleuritis

56
Q

What has a friction rub when holding breath?

A

Pericarditis

57
Q

What does a mid-systolic click tell you?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

58
Q

What does an ejection click tell you?

A

A/P stenosis

59
Q

What does an opening snap tell you?

A

M/T stenosis

60
Q

What does S2 splitting tell you?

A

Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)

61
Q

What does wide S2 splitting tell you?

A

High oxygen, high RV volume or delayed pulmonic valve opening

62
Q

What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you?

A

Atrial septal defect

63
Q

What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?

A

Aortic stenosis or left bundle branch block

64
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

Pulmonary hypertension (cause right ventricular failure)

65
Q

What is eisenmenger’s?

A

Pulmonary hypertension (reverse L-R to R-L shunt)

66
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum did not spiral

67
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot?

A

Overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy (boot-shaped heart), VSD (L to R shunt)

68
Q

What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?

A

All pulmonary veins to RA, snowman x-ray

69
Q

What is truncus arteriosus?

A

Congenital heart disease present at birth
Fails to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta
Spiral membrane not develop

70
Q

What is ebstein’s anomaly?

A

Tricuspid prolapse, mom’s lithium increases risk

71
Q

What can Lithium do to mom?

A

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

72
Q

What is cinchonism?

A

Overdose of quinine (used to treat malaria)

Hearing loss, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia, flushed face

73
Q

What is Virschow’s triad?

A

Hypotension, jugular distention and tachycardia

PP Clues (6 decks)

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