Hematology Flashcards
What is an eosinophil?
Parasite destroyer
Allergy inducer
What is neutrophil?
Phagocyte
What is a basophil?
Allergy helper (IgE receptor= histamine release)
What is a monocyte?
Destroyer= MP (hydrolytic enzymes, coffee-bean nucleus)
What is a lymphocyte?
Warrior= T, B, NK cells
What is platelet?
Clotter (no nuclei, smallest cells)
What is blast?
Baby hematopoietic cell
What is band?
Baby neutrophil
What does high WBC and high PMNs tell you?
Stress demargination
What does high WBC and <5% blast tell you?
Leukemoid reaction, seen in burn pts
What does high WBC and >5% blast tell you?
Leukemia
What does high WBC and bands tell you?
Left shift= infection
What does high WBC and B cell tell you?
Bacterial infection
What diseases have high eosinophils?
"NAACP" Neoplasm Allergy/ Asthma Addison's disease (no cortisol= relative eosinophilia) Collagen vascular disease Parasites
What disease have high monocytes (>15%)?
"STELS" Syphilis: chancre, rash, warts TB: hemoptysis, night sweats EBV: teenager sick for a month Listeria: baby who is sick Salmonella: food poisoning
What do high retics (> 1%) tell you?
RBC being destroyed peripherally
What do low retics tell you?
Bone marrow not working right (decrease production)
What is poikilocytosis?
Different shapes
What is anisocytosis?
Different sizes
What is the RBC lifespan?
120 days
What is the platelet lifespan?
7 days
What does penia tell you?
Low levels
What does cytosis tell you?
High levels
What does cythemia tell you?
High levels
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Plasma: no RBC
Serum: no RBC or fibrinogen
What is the amount of Blood in the body?
5-6 liters
What is the chronic granulomatous disease?
Myeloperoxidase deficiency
NADPH oxidase deficiency= recurrent staph/aspergillus infections (nitroblue tetrazolium stain negative)
What does MPO deficiency cause?
Catalase + Infections
What is chediak higashi?
Lazy lysosome syndrome: lysosomes are slow to fuse around bacteria
What organ can make RBCs if the long bones are damaged?
Spleen= splenomegaly
What causes a shift to the right in the Hb curve?
"ALL CADETs face right" Increased CO2 Acid/ Altitude 2,3-DPG Exercise Temperature Decreased pH
How does CO poison Hb?
Competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb= cherry-red lips, pinkish skin
How does cyanide poison Hb?
Non-competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb= almond breath
What is MetHb?
Hb w/ Fe3+ (Ferric Ion)
What is acute intermittent porphyria?
Cause abdominal pain, neuropathy, red urine
What is porphyria?
- Genetic Disorder
- Cells fail to change body chemicals called porphyrins and heme.
- Affects the skin or nervous system
What is Porphyria Cutanea Tarda?
- Sunlight cause skin blisters
* Wood’s Lamp cause orange-pink (skin)
What is erythrocytic protoporphyria?
Porphyria cutanea tarda in a baby
What is sickle cell disease?
*Hereditary Blood disorder
*Abnormality in oxygen-carrying hb molecule in red blood cells
*Homozygous HbS cause vaso-occlusion, necrosis and dactylitis
(painful fingers/toes) at 6mo
What is sickle cell trait?
*Heterozygous HbS cause painless hematuria and sickle w/extreme
hypoxia (low oxygen)
*Can’t be a pilot, fireman and driver
What is Hb C disease?
Abnormal hemoglobin in which substituted glutamic acid w/ lysine at the 6 position of beta-globin chain
What is alpha-thalassemia?
- Chromosome 16 deletion
- 1 deletion: normal
- 2 deletions: microcytic anemia
- 3 deletions: hemolytic anemia
- 4 deletions: hydrops fetalis (accumulation of fluid or edema in fetus)
What is beta-thalassemia?
- Inherited blood disorder
- Caused by reduced or absent synthesis of beta chain of hb
- 1 deletion: increase HbA2 and HbF
- 2 deletions: only HbA2 and HbF= hypoxia at 6mo
What is Cooley’s anemia?
- Beta-thalassemia in children
- No HbA= excess RBC production
- Baby making blood from everywhere
- Cause frontal bossing, hepatosplenomegaly and long extremities
