Hematology

Question 0

What is an eosinophil?

Answer 0

Parasite destroyer

Allergy inducer

Question 1

What is neutrophil?

Answer 1

Phagocyte

Question 2

What is a basophil?

Answer 2

Allergy helper (IgE receptor= histamine release)

Question 3

What is a monocyte?

Answer 3

Destroyer= MP (hydrolytic enzymes, coffee-bean nucleus)

Question 4

What is a lymphocyte?

Answer 4

Warrior= T, B, NK cells

Question 5

What is platelet?

Answer 5

Clotter (no nuclei, smallest cells)

Question 6

What is blast?

Answer 6

Baby hematopoietic cell

Question 7

What is band?

Answer 7

Baby neutrophil

Question 8

What does high WBC and high PMNs tell you?

Answer 8

Stress demargination

Question 9

What does high WBC and <5% blast tell you?

Answer 9

Leukemoid reaction, seen in burn pts

Question 10

What does high WBC and >5% blast tell you?

Answer 10

Leukemia

Question 11

What does high WBC and bands tell you?

Answer 11

Left shift= infection

Question 12

What does high WBC and B cell tell you?

Answer 12

Bacterial infection

Question 13

What diseases have high eosinophils?

Answer 13

"NAACP"
Neoplasm
Allergy/ Asthma
Addison's disease (no cortisol= relative eosinophilia)
Collagen vascular disease
Parasites

Question 14

What disease have high monocytes (>15%)?

Answer 14

"STELS"
Syphilis: chancre, rash, warts
TB: hemoptysis, night sweats
EBV: teenager sick for a month
Listeria: baby who is sick
Salmonella: food poisoning

Question 15

What do high retics (> 1%) tell you?

Answer 15

RBC being destroyed peripherally

Question 16

What do low retics tell you?

Answer 16

Bone marrow not working right (decrease production)

Question 17

What is poikilocytosis?

Answer 17

Different shapes

Question 18

What is anisocytosis?

Answer 18

Different sizes

Question 19

What is the RBC lifespan?

Answer 19

120 days

Question 20

What is the platelet lifespan?

Answer 20

7 days

Question 21

What does penia tell you?

Answer 21

Low levels

Question 22

What does cytosis tell you?

Answer 22

High levels

Question 23

What does cythemia tell you?

Answer 23

High levels

Question 24

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

Answer 24

Plasma: no RBC Serum: no RBC or fibrinogen

Question 25

What is the amount of Blood in the body?

Answer 25

5-6 liters

Question 26

What is the chronic granulomatous disease?

Answer 26

Myeloperoxidase deficiency | NADPH oxidase deficiency= recurrent staph/aspergillus infections (nitroblue tetrazolium stain negative)

Question 27

What does MPO deficiency cause?

Answer 27

Catalase + Infections

Question 28

What is chediak higashi?

Answer 28

Lazy lysosome syndrome: lysosomes are slow to fuse around bacteria

Question 29

What organ can make RBCs if the long bones are damaged?

Answer 29

Spleen= splenomegaly

Question 30

What causes a shift to the right in the Hb curve?

Answer 30

``` "ALL CADETs face right" Increased CO2 Acid/ Altitude 2,3-DPG Exercise Temperature Decreased pH ```

Question 31

How does CO poison Hb?

Answer 31

Competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb= cherry-red lips, pinkish skin

Question 32

How does cyanide poison Hb?

Answer 32

Non-competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb= almond breath

Question 33

What is MetHb?

Answer 33

Hb w/ Fe3+ (Ferric Ion)

Question 34

What is acute intermittent porphyria?

Answer 34

Cause abdominal pain, neuropathy, red urine

Question 35

What is porphyria?

Answer 35

* Genetic Disorder * Cells fail to change body chemicals called porphyrins and heme. * Affects the skin or nervous system

Question 36

What is Porphyria Cutanea Tarda?

Answer 36

* Sunlight cause skin blisters | * Wood's Lamp cause orange-pink (skin)

Question 37

What is erythrocytic protoporphyria?

Answer 37

Porphyria cutanea tarda in a baby

Question 38

What is sickle cell disease?

Answer 38

*Hereditary Blood disorder *Abnormality in oxygen-carrying hb molecule in red blood cells *Homozygous HbS cause vaso-occlusion, necrosis and dactylitis (painful fingers/toes) at 6mo

Question 39

What is sickle cell trait?

Answer 39

*Heterozygous HbS cause painless hematuria and sickle w/extreme hypoxia (low oxygen) *Can't be a pilot, fireman and driver

Question 40

What is Hb C disease?

Answer 40

Abnormal hemoglobin in which substituted glutamic acid w/ lysine at the 6 position of beta-globin chain

Question 41

What is alpha-thalassemia?

Answer 41

* Chromosome 16 deletion * 1 deletion: normal * 2 deletions: microcytic anemia * 3 deletions: hemolytic anemia * 4 deletions: hydrops fetalis (accumulation of fluid or edema in fetus)

Question 42

What is beta-thalassemia?

Answer 42

* Inherited blood disorder * Caused by reduced or absent synthesis of beta chain of hb * 1 deletion: increase HbA2 and HbF * 2 deletions: only HbA2 and HbF= hypoxia at 6mo

Question 43

What is Cooley's anemia?

Answer 43

* Beta-thalassemia in children * No HbA= excess RBC production * Baby making blood from everywhere * Cause frontal bossing, hepatosplenomegaly and long extremities