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PP Clues > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

0
Q

What is an eosinophil?

A

Parasite destroyer

Allergy inducer

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1
Q

What is neutrophil?

A

Phagocyte

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2
Q

What is a basophil?

A

Allergy helper (IgE receptor= histamine release)

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3
Q

What is a monocyte?

A

Destroyer= MP (hydrolytic enzymes, coffee-bean nucleus)

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4
Q

What is a lymphocyte?

A

Warrior= T, B, NK cells

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5
Q

What is platelet?

A

Clotter (no nuclei, smallest cells)

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6
Q

What is blast?

A

Baby hematopoietic cell

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7
Q

What is band?

A

Baby neutrophil

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8
Q

What does high WBC and high PMNs tell you?

A

Stress demargination

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9
Q

What does high WBC and <5% blast tell you?

A

Leukemoid reaction, seen in burn pts

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10
Q

What does high WBC and >5% blast tell you?

A

Leukemia

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11
Q

What does high WBC and bands tell you?

A

Left shift= infection

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12
Q

What does high WBC and B cell tell you?

A

Bacterial infection

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13
Q

What diseases have high eosinophils?

A 
"NAACP"
Neoplasm
Allergy/ Asthma
Addison's disease (no cortisol= relative eosinophilia)
Collagen vascular disease
Parasites
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14
Q

What disease have high monocytes (>15%)?

A 
"STELS"
Syphilis: chancre, rash, warts
TB: hemoptysis, night sweats
EBV: teenager sick for a month
Listeria: baby who is sick
Salmonella: food poisoning
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15
Q

What do high retics (> 1%) tell you?

A

RBC being destroyed peripherally

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16
Q

What do low retics tell you?

A

Bone marrow not working right (decrease production)

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17
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

Different shapes

18
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Different sizes

19
Q

What is the RBC lifespan?

A

120 days

20
Q

What is the platelet lifespan?

A

7 days

21
Q

What does penia tell you?

A

Low levels

22
Q

What does cytosis tell you?

A

High levels

23
Q

What does cythemia tell you?

A

High levels

24
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Plasma: no RBC
Serum: no RBC or fibrinogen

25
Q

What is the amount of Blood in the body?

A

5-6 liters

26
Q

What is the chronic granulomatous disease?

A

Myeloperoxidase deficiency

NADPH oxidase deficiency= recurrent staph/aspergillus infections (nitroblue tetrazolium stain negative)

27
Q

What does MPO deficiency cause?

A

Catalase + Infections

28
Q

What is chediak higashi?

A

Lazy lysosome syndrome: lysosomes are slow to fuse around bacteria

29
Q

What organ can make RBCs if the long bones are damaged?

A

Spleen= splenomegaly

30
Q

What causes a shift to the right in the Hb curve?

A 
"ALL CADETs face right"
Increased CO2
Acid/ Altitude
2,3-DPG
Exercise
Temperature
Decreased pH
31
Q

How does CO poison Hb?

A

Competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb= cherry-red lips, pinkish skin

32
Q

How does cyanide poison Hb?

A

Non-competitive inhibitor of O2 on Hb= almond breath

33
Q

What is MetHb?

A

Hb w/ Fe3+ (Ferric Ion)

34
Q

What is acute intermittent porphyria?

A

Cause abdominal pain, neuropathy, red urine

35
Q

What is porphyria?

A
  • Genetic Disorder
  • Cells fail to change body chemicals called porphyrins and heme.
  • Affects the skin or nervous system
36
Q

What is Porphyria Cutanea Tarda?

A
  • Sunlight cause skin blisters

* Wood’s Lamp cause orange-pink (skin)

37
Q

What is erythrocytic protoporphyria?

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda in a baby

38
Q

What is sickle cell disease?

A

*Hereditary Blood disorder
*Abnormality in oxygen-carrying hb molecule in red blood cells
*Homozygous HbS cause vaso-occlusion, necrosis and dactylitis
(painful fingers/toes) at 6mo

39
Q

What is sickle cell trait?

A

*Heterozygous HbS cause painless hematuria and sickle w/extreme
hypoxia (low oxygen)
*Can’t be a pilot, fireman and driver

40
Q

What is Hb C disease?

A

Abnormal hemoglobin in which substituted glutamic acid w/ lysine at the 6 position of beta-globin chain

41
Q

What is alpha-thalassemia?

A
  • Chromosome 16 deletion
  • 1 deletion: normal
  • 2 deletions: microcytic anemia
  • 3 deletions: hemolytic anemia
  • 4 deletions: hydrops fetalis (accumulation of fluid or edema in fetus)
42
Q

What is beta-thalassemia?

A
  • Inherited blood disorder
  • Caused by reduced or absent synthesis of beta chain of hb
  • 1 deletion: increase HbA2 and HbF
  • 2 deletions: only HbA2 and HbF= hypoxia at 6mo
43
Q

What is Cooley’s anemia?

A
  • Beta-thalassemia in children
  • No HbA= excess RBC production
  • Baby making blood from everywhere
  • Cause frontal bossing, hepatosplenomegaly and long extremities

PP Clues (6 decks)

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