Pulmonary Flashcards
Found in bronchioles when goblet and submucosal glands are no longer present; may have secretory and also play a role in epithelial cell regeneration after injury (like type II cells in alveolus).
Clara Cells
Epithelial Cells
-Cover ~95% of alveolar surface
Primary sites of gas diffusion
-Secrete surfactant (eases expansion)
Repair/maintain epithelial layer
-Type I
-Type II
-Movement of molecules in a manner whereby net transfer of the gas is from high to low concentration is called ___________
-This is Driven primarily by the gas concentration gradients, or difference in gas ________ ________ across a semipermeable membrane
-Diffusion
-Partial Pressure
=increased Surface area for gas exchange;
-increased diffusion coefficient (solubility);
-increased ∆P (pressure gradient across membrane)
Will these increase or decrease Gas diffusion rate?
Increase
a decreased thickness of membrane between two compartments will increase/decrease gas diffusion rate
Decrease
____________ enhances diffusion by increasing gradients across the diffusion barrier
Convection
Most O2 exchanged is bound/released by _____________
Hemoglobin
Most of the CO2 in blood is in the form of _____
HCO3
Movement of air during respiration based on pressure gradients. Expressed as Volume/time
Ventilation
Process of blood flow to an organ such as to the lungs. Sometimes used in place of cardiac output, since lungs receive 100% of cardiac output. Units: Volume/time.
Perfusion
a decrease in the amount of oxygen in tissues. Important to define/consider the level at which this occurs
Hypoxia
a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
Hypoxemia
decreased/increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
Hypo/Hypercapnia
High / low respiratory rate
Tachypnea (high)
Bradypnea (low)
difficult or labored breathing
Dyspnea
